“…Most British studies demonstrate increased rates among West Indians (8,9,11,17,21) and West Africans (5, 19). Rates of diagnosed mental illness are affected by the type of diagnoses chosen; the perception of symptomatology, possibly confused with transcultural factors (paranoia and witchcraft beliefs), have been commonly noted among migrants (5,7,8,21,22); and the practice of combining diagnoses to obtain statistical significance, with inevitable loss of phenomenological definition. In these studies the term 'affec tive illness' includes both reactive and endogenous depression.…”