Psychosis and civilization: Two studies in the frequency of mental disease.

Goldhamer, Herbert; Marshall, Andrew W.

doi:10.1037/14808-000

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…One, now regarded as a classic by many, is Goldhammer and Marshall's (1953) study of whether or not mental illness has increased. By taking into account the available institutional treatment resouces over Ume, they adjusted hospitalization rates and consequently reversed or at least severely questioned the popular notion of the increasing rate of mental disorders.…”

Section: Analytical Studies Of Social Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Notes on social indicators: Promises and potential

Sheldon

Freeman

1970

Policy Sci

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Widespread interest in social indicators--indeed, what may be characterized as a new social movement--has developed among both social scientists and policymakers. The concept of social indicators, however, continues to be diffuse and there are exaggerated claims of the utility of indicators. Deficiencies in both conceptualization and method limit the potential of indicators for such tasks as priority setting and program evaluation. Moreover, the development of social accounts, based on the analogy with economic accounts, is fallacious. Redirection in effort and more realistic claims can reduce the possibility of an eventual decline in work on indicators and enhance the value of the movement for both polieymakers and social scientists concerned with the analysis and prediction of social change.

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Section: Analytical Studies Of Social Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Notes on social indicators: Promises and potential

Sheldon

Freeman

1970

Policy Sci

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“…Several long-range studies of mental hospital admissions have indicated that rates of hospitalization for psychosis remain relatively stable over time, in some cases even in stress periods such as those associated with war or economic upheaval ( Dunham (1955)), Goldhamer & Marshall (1949), Kramer et al (1961), Pugh & Mac-Mahon (1962). Other evidence suggests that during time of stress and social disorganization there are increases in nonpsychotic disorders (Fried ( 1964), Krapf (1963) .The findings in the present study indicate that the pressures of acculturation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Illness in the Maori Population of New Zealand

Kelly

1973

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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The earliest data on psychiatric disorders among the Maori population of New Zealand were provided in a classic study by Ernest Beaglehole (1939). Beaglehole compared hospital admission rates for psychosis for the Maori and the New Zealanders of European origin (Pakeha) during an 11-year period from 1925 through 1935. The unadjusted rate of first admissions per 100,000 population was 31.0 for the Maori. The corresponding rate for Europeans was 57.7. Because the Maori population was significantly younger than the European population, Beaglehole also determined a rough weighted rate for the year 1926 based on the population over 16 years of age. The results show a weighted rate of 41.9 per 100,000 for the Maori as opposed to 83.7 for the Europeans. After giving consideration to differences between Maori and Europeans in socioeconomic status and urban vs. rural place of residence, Beaglehole concluded "that incidence of psychosis is definitely lower among the Maori as compared with the European cultural group in New Zealand" (Beaglehole (1939)).World War I1 provided some further evidence suggesting that the Maori were less vulnerable than the Europeans to the development of psychiatric disorders. The Maori adapted well to military life and the incidence of combat reactions among the Maori soldiers was lower than that of the Europeans. Moreover, in the postwar period there were fewer pension claims from the Maori for combat-related psychiatric disorders (Stout ( 1954)).During the time period studied by Beaglehole, the Maori had been exposed to the European culture for more than a century and a half. The continuing acculturation had produced major changes in the Maori way of life. However, the Maori were a rural-dwelling people (in 1936 only 9.3% of the Maori lived in urban areas), and as such, were to some degree isolated from the European culture (McCreary (1968)). This isolation combined with a desire on the part of many Maori to maintain the traditional social organization, value system, and customs had a dampening effect on the process of acculturation, (Note 1, Appendix). Thus, at the close of the decade of the 1930's, a Maori culture remained which was in many ways distinctly unique and separate from the dominant European culture.

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“…However, a classic statistical study by Herbert Goldhamer and Andrew W. Marshall in 1945 did not find an increase over decades of time in the proportion of the population under age fifty suffering from mental illness. 60 What led to the increases in the number of asylums and the number of hospitalized insane in the nineteenth century? Torrey61 offered an explanation relevant to the present homeless mentally ill:…”

Section: Home and Hospital Treatment And Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social control doctrines of mental illness and the medical profession in nineteenth-century America

Luchins

1993

J. Hist. Behav. Sci.

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Social control doctrines of mental disorders have influenced a generation of psychologists and have shaped attitudes and discussions about how to treat the mentally ill. In light of the failure of deinstitutionalization as a public policy and the contemporary concern with the medical or biological bases of psychiatric disorders, this paper re‐examines social control doctrines. Reviewing mid‐nineteenth century statistical accounts, the author challenges claims of social control theorists and shows that in recent years some former social control advocates and revisionists have “recanted” and criticized their earlier use of the concept of social control, particularly the characterization of the asylum as a “total institution”.

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Psychosis and civilization: Two studies in the frequency of mental disease.

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Notes on social indicators: Promises and potential

Notes on social indicators: Promises and potential

Mental Illness in the Maori Population of New Zealand

Social control doctrines of mental illness and the medical profession in nineteenth-century America

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