Psychophysiological technologies using the biofeedback method: an analytical review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION. There is high prevalence of post-stroke motor and neuropsychological disorders. However, they are usually considered without interrelation with each other, and rehabilitation methods are also considered in the context of a monodomain effect on specific functions. AIM. To analyze the available scientific evidence on the role of psychophysiological technologies with biofeedback in clinical medicine and medical rehabilitation. MATERIALS. 50 sources were analyzed, 25 of which are high-level evidence-based articles (randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews) published in databases Elibrary.ru, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus for the period of 2009–2024. RESULTS. The complex effect of the BFB method on the physical symptoms and psychological state of patients, as well as the possibility of using physiological indicators for adaptive biofeedback, has been studied. The greatest amount of evidence is available about the positive effect of technology using BFB on the psychoemotional state of patients and the state of the cardiovascular system. Significant results were obtained when using BFB-electromyographic-training in the complex therapy of headache and related emotional disorders. All studies have a high level of reliability of evidence and credibility of recommendations. Great progress has been made in the development of innovative psychophysiological technologies, including the use of hardware and software complexes, electroencephalography and neurointerfaces. CONCLUSION. Psychophysiological technologies with BFB demonstrate effectiveness in the rehabilitation of patients with psychosomatic disorders, borderline conditions and a number of neurological diseases (headache, epilepsy, spinal injury, stroke). Further research is needed to form an evidence base, clarify the mechanisms of action and algorithms of prescriptions, taking into account the physiological and psychological component of the therapeutic or rehabilitation process.