Psychophysiological response of ADHD children to reward and extinction

Iaboni, Fiorella; Douglas, Virginia I.; Ditto, Blaine

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02422.x

Cited by 139 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A wealth of studies in subjects with ADHD reported hypo-aroused heart rate responses in relation to for example stress [30] and reward [15,28]. It is difficult however to compare these findings to those of our study as we did not investigate heart rate in response to such stimuli, under strict laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…During daytime periods however, low resting heart rate has consistently been reported in aggressive and antisocial behavior [32,39]. This finding may not blindly be generalized to ADHD as studies in this population revealed inconsistent results with most of them describing no difference in resting heart rate [28,30]. Next to possible confounding effects of time of day, these baseline levels may be influenced by varying levels of anticipatory stress as 'resting' assessments were mostly carried out prior to a laboratory experiment investigating the environmental effects on arousal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Diurnal variations in arousal: a naturalistic heart rate study in children with ADHD

Imeraj

Antrop

Roeyers

et al. 2011

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Previous studies suggest an altered circadian regulation of arousal in children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as measured by activity, circadian preference, and sleep-wake patterns.Although heart rate is an important measure to evaluate arousal profiles, to date it is unknown whether 24-hour heart rate patterns differentiate between children with and without ADHD.In this study, 24-hour heart rate data were collected in 30 non-medicated children with ADHD (aged 6-11) and 30 sex-, class-, and age-matched normal controls in their naturalistic home and school setting, during five days. Simultaneously, 24-hour activity patterns were registered. Confounding effects of demographic variables (e.g., age, sex, BMI, pubertal stage) and comorbid internalizing and externalizing problems on heart rate levels were additionally assessed.Longitudinal analysis showed that heart rate levels were overall higher in the ADHD group (p<0.01) -with largest effects during afternoon and night-, in a model controlling for age. Other factors did not significantly contribute to variations in heart rate levels. Compared to controls, children with ADHD showed higher activity levels during daytime (especially early afternoon), but not during nighttime (p<0.05). Post hoc analyses showed that environmental effects may influence daytime variations.Findings suggest an autonomic imbalance in children with ADHD as compared to controls, with higher heart rate levels in the ADHD group. Nighttime tachycardia in this group could not be explained by nighttime activity levels or comorbid externalizing/internalizing problems. Further research on autonomic functioning in ADHD is recommended because of the major impact of higher resting heart rate on health outcomes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Diurnal variations in arousal: a naturalistic heart rate study in children with ADHD

Imeraj

Antrop

Roeyers

et al. 2011

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The studies on children with CD reviewed by Lahey, McBurnett, Loeber, and Hart (1995) generally indicate lower levels of ANS activity in these children. Iaboni, Douglas, and Ditto (1997) also found lower levels of ANS activity in children with ADHD with or without CD/ODD. In one follow-up study, SC level was significantly negatively correlated with later institutionalization (Kruesi et al, 1992).…”

Section: Empirical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 68%

The evidence for a neurobiological model of childhood antisocial behavior.

Goozen¹,

Fairchild²,

Snoek³

et al. 2007

Psychological Bulletin

414

393

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Children with persistent antisocial and aggressive behavior are diagnosed as having disruptive behavior disorder. The authors review evidence that antisocial children, and especially those who persist with this behavior as they grow older, have a range of neurobiological characteristics. It is argued that serotonergic functioning and stress-regulating mechanisms are important in explaining individual differences in antisocial behavior. Moreover, low fear of punishment and physiological underactivity may predispose antisocial individuals to seek out stimulation or take risks and may help to explain poor conditioning and socialization. The authors propose a theoretical model highlighting the interplay between neurobiological deficits and cognitive and emotional functioning as mediators of the link between early adversity and antisocial behavior problems in childhood. Implications for intervention programs are discussed.

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“…Using autonomic measures, studies have revealed smaller responses to both reward and response cost in ADHD (Crone et al 2003;Firestone and Douglas 1975;Iaboni et al 1997). This would converge with the suggestion that children with ADHD suffer from an elevated threshold for experiencing incentives (Haenlein and Caul 1987), rather than being specifically sensitive to either reward or response cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Modulation of Response Timing in ADHD, Effects of Reinforcement Valence and Magnitude

Luman

Oosterlaan

Sergeant

2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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The present study investigated the impact of reinforcement valence and magnitude on response timing in children with ADHD. Children were required to estimate a 1-s interval, and both the median response time (response tendency) and the intrasubject-variability (response stability) were investigated. In addition, heart rate and skin conductance were measured to examine the autonomic responses to reinforcement. Feedback-only trials were compared to low response cost trials (response cost for incorrect responses), low reward trials (reward for correct responses), high response cost and high reward trials. In feedback-only trials, children with ADHD underestimated more severely the interval and responded more variably than controls. Children with ADHD, unlike controls, were unaffected by the reinforcement conditions in terms of time underestimations. The variability of responding, on the other hand, decreased under conditions of reinforcement to a larger extent in children with ADHD than controls. There were no indications that children with ADHD were abnormally affected by the valence or magnitude of reinforcement. Furthermore, skin conductance responses increased when feedback was coupled with reinforcement, an effect which was larger in children with ADHD than controls. This could be interpreted as demonstrating that children with ADHD suffer from a diminished awareness of the significance of feedback in the feedback-only condition. The current study suggests that children with ADHD suffer from motivation problems when reinforcement was not available, at least when variability in responding was measured. Underestimations of time may reflect more stable deficits in ADHD.

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Psychophysiological response of ADHD children to reward and extinction

Cited by 139 publications

References 27 publications

Diurnal variations in arousal: a naturalistic heart rate study in children with ADHD

Diurnal variations in arousal: a naturalistic heart rate study in children with ADHD

The evidence for a neurobiological model of childhood antisocial behavior.

Modulation of Response Timing in ADHD, Effects of Reinforcement Valence and Magnitude

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