Psychophysiological prodromal signs of schizophrenic relapse: A pilot study

Dawson, Michael E.; Schell, Anne M.; Rissling, Anthony J.; Ventura, Joseph; Subotnik, Kenneth L.; Nuechterlein, Keith H.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.07.029

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, comparisons of diagnosed schizophrenia patients with controls do not show a diagnostic group difference in mean skin conductance level [20][21]. However, a recent study of skin conductance levels in a sample of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia demonstrated that, although levels of skin conductance differed greatly among participants, all manifested a significant increase in skin conductance levels prior to relapse [22]. These results highlight the importance of within-subjects designs for elucidating the impact of stress in psychosis.…”

Section: Psychosocial Stress and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 96%

Stress and the Prodromal Phase of Psychosis

Holtzman

Shapiro²,

Trotman³

et al. 2012

CPD

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Stress plays a role in most conceptualizations of the etiology of psychotic disorders. This is based on extensive research showing an association between the incidence of psychosis and psychosocial stress exposure (e.g., stressful life events and trauma) both in childhood and the weeks preceding a psychotic episode. There is also evidence of increased sensitivity to stressful events and dysregulation of biological stress systems. To better understand the relation of stress with the initial emergence of psychosis, research has increasingly focused on the psychosis prodrome, the period of functional decline that precedes clinical illness. Preliminary results suggest that increased incidence of early childhood trauma, heightened sensitivity to psychosocial stress, and dysregulation of biological stress response systems are present in the prodrome and associated with the onset and severity of psychosis. The current paper reviews this research and discusses the possible mechanisms responsible for these associations. This discussion includes the possible effect of stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal [HPA] axis and hippocampus, and the role adolescent developmental changes may play in mediating this effect. Further longitudinal research combining clinical and biological measures of stress with techniques designed to assess developmental change in neural structure and function, cellular mechanisms, and genetic and epigenetic factors are critical for elucidating the role stress plays in the pathophysiology of psychotic illness.

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Section: Psychosocial Stress and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 96%

Stress and the Prodromal Phase of Psychosis

Holtzman

Shapiro²,

Trotman³

et al. 2012

CPD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly, in animal models, chronic stress such as social isolation or movement restriction may alter the synaptic connectivity at the level of PFC and hippocampus [7] [34]- [37]. For all these reasons, exposure to stress may be a key factor in the precipitation of schizophrenic psychosis in adolescence and in the subsequent exacerbation of its symptoms [38]- [41], suggesting that the environment can and does interact with an already vulnerable circuitry to aggravate cortical deterioration.…”

Section: Prefrontal Cortex Neuropathology In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Cerebrolysin in the Treatment of Schizophrenia

Flores¹,

Atzori²

2014

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Schizophrenia and psychosis are psychiatric condition whose neural mechanisms are yet incompletely known, and for which pharmacological treatment is too often ineffective in a growing clinical cohort. Recently, dendritic morphological changes in arborization and dendritic spine density in limbic regions has been reported in postmortem tissue from schizophrenic patients and in animal models of schizophrenia, suggesting that the use of medication improving synaptogenesis may be beneficial as additional treatment of psychotic patients. Cerebrolysin (Cbl) is a drug available for clinical with active neuropeptides fragments that mimics the action of endogenous neurotrophic factors such as BDNF, GDNF, CNTF and NGF, which improves the integrity of the neuronal circuits as well as cognitive and behavioral performance by exerting a neuroprotective effect and promoting the generation of new functional synapses. Recent work from our laboratory has shown that Cbl ameliorates synaptic and dendritic pathology in animal models of schizophrenia by increasing synaptic density and restoring neuronal cytoarchitecture. This neuroprotective effect improves the integrity of the neuronal circuits and improves cognitive and behavioral performance. Importantly, Cbl treatment seems to be safe when used in combination with neuroleptics such as risperidone. The present article analyzes the potential of Cbl in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disease, and reviews the current literature on the effects of Cbl in in vivo animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders like schizophrenia.

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“…This suggests that changes in an individual's 'state' must contribute to their hallucination proneness. There is substantial evidence (e.g., Dawson, Nuechterlein, Schell, Gitlin, & Ventura, 1994;Dawson et al, 2010;Delespaul, deVries, & van Os, 2002;Lukoff, Snyder, Ventura, & Nuechterlein, 1984) that psychological stress has a 'state effect' on hallucination proneness in clinical populations, such that periods of stress trigger individual occurrences of these symptoms in those vulnerable to them (Slade, 1972). Indeed psychological stress appears to have a similar effect on non-psychotic auditory hallucinations (Johns, Hemsley, & Kuipers, 2002).…”

Section: Stress and Hallucinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of psychological stress and expectation on auditory perception: A signal detection analysis

Hoskin

Hunter

Woodruff

2013

British J of Psychology

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Both psychological stress and predictive signals relating to expected sensory input are believed to influence perception, an influence which, when disrupted, may contribute to the generation of auditory hallucinations. The effect of stress and semantic expectation on auditory perception was therefore examined in healthy participants using an auditory signal detection task requiring the detection of speech from within white noise. Trait anxiety was found to predict the extent to which stress influenced response bias, resulting in more anxious participants adopting a more liberal criterion, and therefore experiencing more false positives, when under stress. While semantic expectation was found to increase sensitivity, its presence also generated a shift in response bias towards reporting a signal, suggesting that the erroneous perception of speech became more likely. These findings provide a potential cognitive mechanism that may explain the impact of stress on hallucination-proneness, by suggesting that stress has the tendency to alter response bias in highly anxious individuals. These results also provide support for the idea that top-down processes such as those relating to semantic expectation may contribute to the generation of auditory hallucinations.

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Psychophysiological prodromal signs of schizophrenic relapse: A pilot study

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Stress and the Prodromal Phase of Psychosis

Stress and the Prodromal Phase of Psychosis

The Potential of Cerebrolysin in the Treatment of Schizophrenia

The effect of psychological stress and expectation on auditory perception: A signal detection analysis

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