Psychophysiological effects of different execution speeds of single bout exercise in outdoor fitness equipment performed by older men

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different cadences of movement in ATI equipment on the psychophysiological parameters of older adults during the training session. Methods: Fifteen physically independent older men voluntarily participated in this study. Three 30-min exercise sessions were randomly distributed (5 min warm-up, 20 min exercise, 5 min cooldown), comprising exercises with different cadences low (L: 1 movement every 4 s), medium (M: 1 movement every 2 s), and high cadence (H: 1 movement per second); all with 30" of stimulus and 30" recovery using the following devices: elliptical, rower, surf/elliptical and leg press. Heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), rate of perceived recovery (RPR), and feeling scale (FS) were evaluated before and immediately after the three sessions. The difference between moments was analyzed by analysis of variance with a significance level of p < 0.0001). Results: Cadence L (56 ± 2 %) showed lower values of relative HR than M (70 ± 5%) and H (85 ± 5%), which also differed from each other. Significant differences (p < 0.01) for the area under the curve of RPE (L: 75 ± 26, M: 115 ± 16, H: 154 ± 4) and RPR (L: 173 ± 16, M: 139 ± 12, H: 97 ± 6; UA) were identified among the cadences. Statistical differences (p < 0.01) were found on RPE 30 min of the session (L: 4.2 ± 0.7 < M: 5.7 ± 0.7 < H: 7.4 ± 0.5). Conclusion: The performance of different cadences induced different psychophysiological responses in older adults undergoing exercise sessions in the ATI. The moderate cadence provided an increase in HR with values considered safe for the exercise and therefore can be recommended for this population when using this equipment.

Next steps to advance general physical activity recommendations towards physical exercise prescription: a narrative review

“…Finally, we know that not everyone has access to training centres. In this context, it is interesting to highlight that public OFEs (ie, rowing machine; bonny rider) are also effective for the improvement of muscle strength18; where low, moderate and high RPE values are achieved by manipulating the cadence of movement19 and consequently regulating the LoE. Furthermore, the RPE scale has been used to determine the stress imposed on all-out body-weight (ie, callisthenics) and elastic band (grip-related tension) exercises 74 75.…”

“… 16 Similarly, during a progressive aerobic exercise test, RPE values of ~4.3 and ~6.5 (0–10 scale) corresponded to blood lactate (BLa) levels of 2 and 4 mmol/L, respectively. 17 Importantly, this approach is not only limited to traditional aerobic exercise modalities like walking, running or cycling but also to effective and recently evaluated outdoor fitness equipment (OFE) exercises (ie, air walker and ski machine), 18 where low, moderate and high RPE values can be achieved by manipulating the cadence of movement 19 and consequently regulate exercise intensity. Moreover, the use of RPE for intensity distribution allows to determine specific training zones for aerobic exercise testing and prescription, consistent with the typical three-intensity zone model used by endurance athletes (zone 1 (Z1): <LT1/VT1; zone 2 (Z2): ≥LT1/VT1 up to ≤LT2/VT2; zone 3 (Z3): >LT2/VT2), 20 21 and its use should continue to be recommended.…”