Psychophysical deconstruction of the Dunning-Kruger effect

McIntosh, Robert D.; Fowler, Elizabeth A.; Lyu, Tianjiao; Sala, Sergio Della

doi:10.31234/osf.io/czms3

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, as several commentators have pointed out, a more prosaic explanation of these patterns is possible through regressive biases in self-estimation (Burson et al, 2006;Krueger and Mueller, 2002;McIntosh et al, 2018). Assuming only that people have imperfect knowledge of their actual performance, their estimations will tend to err towards an average level, so if we select a sub-group of participants by extreme actual performance (whether low or high), it is practically certain that their selfestimates will be less extreme, thus ensuring apparent overestimation among the worst performers and underestimation among the best performers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over- and underestimation of motor ability after a stroke: Implications for anosognosia

et al. 2018

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We administered a discrepancy-based measure of anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP) to a group of 42 right-brain-damaged (RBD) and left-brain-damaged (LBD) stroke patients with varying levels of functional motor ability. In addition to the expected (anosognosic) pattern of overestimation of motor function in some RBD patients, we found an equal and opposite underestimation in some others, both RBD and LBD. We also found that around a quarter of self-estimation error could be predicted directly from actual ability, such that patients with poorer motor function tended to overestimate, and vice versa. This pattern suggests that some misestimation is attributable simply to statistical regression. However, even after adjusting for this regression effect, levels of overestimation were significantly greater in RBD patients, while LBD patients were more likely to underestimate their motor ability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over- and underestimation of motor ability after a stroke: Implications for anosognosia

et al. 2018

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“…According to Dunning [ 94 ], people have limited self-assessment and either over- or underestimate their knowledge depending on their level of expertise. Persons with pre-existing knowledge of the matter often underestimate their actual skill level [ 95 ]. Highly knowledgeable employees have a more critical attitude towards their competence level and feel the urgent need to fill possible knowledge gaps they notice [ 96 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital transition in rural emergency medicine: Impact of job satisfaction and workload on communication and technology acceptance

Hasebrook

Michalak²,

Kohnen³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Tele-emergency physicians (TEPs) take an increasingly important role in the need-oriented provision of emergency patient care. To improve emergency medicine in rural areas, we set up the project ‘Rural|Rescue’, which uses TEPs to restructure professional rescue services using information and communication technologies (ICTs) in order to reduce the therapy-free interval. Successful implementation of ICTs relies on user acceptance and knowledge sharing behavior. Method We conducted a factorial design with active knowledge transfer and technology acceptance as a function of work satisfaction (high vs. low), workload (high vs. low) and point in time (prior to vs. after digitalization). Data were collected via machine readable questionnaires issued to 755 persons (411 pre, 344 post), of which 304 or 40.3% of these persons responded (194 pre, 115 post). Results Technology acceptance was higher after the implementation of TEP for nurses but not for other professions, and it was higher when the workload was high. Regarding active communication and knowledge sharing, employees with low work satisfaction are more likely to share their digital knowledge as compared to employees with high work satisfaction. This is an effect of previous knowledge concerning digitalization: After implementing the new technology, work satisfaction increased for the more experienced employees, but not for the less experienced ones. Conclusion Our research illustrates that employees’ workload has an impact on the intention of using digital applications. The higher the workload, the more people are willing to use TEPs. Regarding active knowledge sharing, we see that employees with low work satisfaction are more likely to share their digital knowledge compared to employees with high work satisfaction. This might be attributed to the Dunning-Kruger effect. Highly knowledgeable employees initially feel uncertain about the change, which translates into temporarily lower work satisfaction. They feel the urge to fill even small knowledge gaps, which in return leads to higher work satisfaction. Those responsible need to acknowledge that digital change affects their employees’ workflow and work satisfaction. During such times, employees need time and support to gather information and knowledge in order to cope with digitally changed tasks.

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“…The lack of a driving role for metacognitive factors is not surprising, because it has long been argued that the DKE is mainly due to methodological artefacts (for a recent exchange, see [30][31][32]). As discussed in §1.1, one such artefact is regression to the mean due to double-dipping [4][5][6][7]11,33].…”

Section: What Drives the Dunning-kruger Effect?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skill and self-knowledge: empirical refutation of the dual-burden account of the Dunning–Kruger effect

et al. 2022

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For many intellectual tasks, the people with the least skill overestimate themselves the most, a pattern popularly known as the Dunning–Kruger effect (DKE). The dominant account of this effect depends on the idea that assessing the quality of one's performance (metacognition) requires the same mental resources as task performance itself (cognition). Unskilled people are said to suffer a dual burden : they lack the cognitive resources to perform well, and this deprives them of metacognitive insight into their failings. In this Registered Report , we applied recently developed methods for the measurement of metacognition to a matrix reasoning task, to test the dual-burden account. Metacognitive sensitivity (information exploited by metacognition) tracked performance closely, so less information was exploited by the metacognitive judgements of poor performers; but metacognitive efficiency (quality of metacognitive processing itself) was unrelated to performance. Metacognitive bias (overall tendency towards high or low confidence) was positively associated with performance, so poor performers were appropriately less confident—not more confident—than good performers. Crucially, these metacognitive factors did not cause the DKE pattern, which was driven overwhelmingly by performance scores. These results refute the dual-burden account and suggest that the classic DKE is a statistical regression artefact that tells us nothing much about metacognition.

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Psychophysical deconstruction of the Dunning-Kruger effect

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Over- and underestimation of motor ability after a stroke: Implications for anosognosia

Over- and underestimation of motor ability after a stroke: Implications for anosognosia

Digital transition in rural emergency medicine: Impact of job satisfaction and workload on communication and technology acceptance

Skill and self-knowledge: empirical refutation of the dual-burden account of the Dunning–Kruger effect

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