Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion

Borg, Gunnar

doi:10.1249/00005768-198205000-00012

Cited by 12,653 publications

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“…on the treadmill or cycle ergometer), fatigue was determined when subjects could no longer maintain the predetermined speed or power, voluntarily stopped exercising or rated 20 on the Borg’s scale of perceived exertion [16]. Each volunteer was tested on the same ergometer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̊O_2MAX) induced by physical exertion during an Antarctic expedition depend on the initial V̊O_2MAX of the individuals: a case study of the Brazilian expedition

Moraes

Mendes

Martins

et al. 2018

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Antarctic climate is challenging, since the cold, wind and sensory monotony are stressful stimuli to individuals. Moreover, camp activities and heavy clothes may contribute to increase physiological strain. Thus, we aimed to characterise the physiological demand of a 24-day period in the Antarctic field and then to evaluate the effect of this expedition on the aerobic fitness in individuals with heterogeneous initial aerobic fitness (as determined by estimating maximum oxygen consumption – V̊O2MAX). Before and after the 24-day period in Antarctica, 7 researchers and 2 mountaineers were subjected to incremental tests to estimate their V̊O2MAX. Field effort was characterised by measuring heart rate (HR). During the field trips, their HR remained 33.4% of the recording time between 50–60% HRMAX, 22.3% between 60–70% HRMAX, and only 1.4% between 80 and 90% HRMAX. The changes in estimated V̊O2MAX during the expedition depended on the pre-expedition aerobic fitness. The post-expedition V̊O2MAX increased by 5.9% and decreased by 14.3%in individuals with lower (researchers) and higher (mountaineers) initial V̊O2MAX, respectively. We concluded that physical effort in the Antarctic field is characterised as predominantly of low- to moderate-intensity. This effort represented an effective training load for individuals with lower initial V̊O2MAX, but not for those with higher V̊O2MAX.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RPE was indicated by the volunteer through a 15-point scale (6 to 20), where 6 represents the lowest effort and 20 the greatest possible effort during an exercise [16]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̊O_2MAX) induced by physical exertion during an Antarctic expedition depend on the initial V̊O_2MAX of the individuals: a case study of the Brazilian expedition

Moraes

Mendes

Martins

et al. 2018

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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“…Data obtained during the final 5 minutes of rest and each steady-state exercise bout was averaged and used for subsequent analysis. Perceptions of exertion were also monitored during the final 2 minutes of each steady-state exercise bout and immediately post-TT using a 15 point (6 -20) ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) scale [52].…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances high-intensity running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia, independent of aerobic fitness

et al. 2016

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Nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) increases plasma nitrite concentration, lowers the oxygen cost (V O2) of steady-state exercise and improves exercise performance in sedentary and moderately-trained, but rarely in well-trained individuals exercising at sea-level. BRJ supplementation may be more effective in a hypoxic environment, where the reduction of nitrite into nitric oxide (NO) is potentiated, such that well-trained and less well-trained individuals may derive a similar ergogenic effect.We conducted a randomised, counterbalanced, double-blind placebo controlled trial to determine the effects of BRJ on treadmill running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia (equivalent to 2500 m altitude) in participants with a range of aerobic fitness levels. Twelve healthy males (V O2max ranging from 47.1 -76.8 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ) ingested 138 ml concentrated BRJ (~ 15.2 mmol nitrate) or a nitrate-deplete placebo (PLA) (~ 0.2 mmol nitrate). Three hours later, participants completed steady-state moderate intensity running, and a 1500 m time-trial (TT) in a normobaric hypoxic chamber (FIO2 ~15 %). Plasma nitrite concentration was significantly greater following BRJ versus PLA 1 hour post supplementation, and remained higher in BRJ throughout the testing session (p < 0.01). Average V O2 was significantly lower (BRJ: 18.4 ± 2.0, PLA: 20.4 ± 12.6 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ; p = 0.002), whilst arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was significantly greater (BRJ: 88.4 ± 2.7, PLA: 86.5 ± 3.3 %; p < 0.001) following BRJ. BRJ improved TT performance in all 12 participants by an average of 3.2 % (BRJ: 331.1 ± 45.3 vs. PL: 341.9 ± 46.1 s; p < 0.001). There was no apparent relationship between aerobic fitness and the improvement in performance following BRJ (r 2 = 0.05, p > 0.05). These findings suggests that a high nitrate dose in the form of a BRJ supplement may improve running performance in individuals with a range of aerobic fitness levels conducting moderate and high-intensity exercise in a normobaric hypoxic environment.

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“…20 Subjects performed three 5 ± 7 min steadystate workloads on Monark 2 arm ergometers at power outputs approximating 40%, 60% and 80% of predicted age-adjusted maximal heart rate. In those subjects without a normal heart rate response to exercise (due to sympathetic decentralization 8 ), Borg ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) of 1, 2, and 4 (10-pt scale 21 ) were used to determine the intensity of the three workloads, an acceptable alternative for exercise prescription in this population. 22 Testing of muscle strength Training and testing of muscle strength took place on a multi-station wheelchair accessible weight training system (Equalizer Exercise Machines, Red Deer, Alberta, Canada) or unilateral wall pulleys (Sammons Preston, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada).…”

Section: Testing Of Arm Ergometry Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term exercise training in persons with spinal cord injury: effects on strength, arm ergometry performance and psychological well-being

et al. 2002

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Study design: Randomized controlled trial of exercise training in persons with spinal cord injury. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the e ects of 9 months of twice-weekly exercise training on strength, arm ergometry performance, and indices of psychological wellbeing and quality of life. Setting: Centre for Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Methods: Thirty-four men and women (aged 19 ± 65 years) with traumatic spinal cord injury (C4 ± L1; ASIA A ± D) of 1 ± 24 years duration volunteered to participate, and were randomized into exercise (EX; n=21) and control (CON; n=13) groups. Twenty-three subjects (11 EX; 12 CON) successfully completed the 9-month study. Subjects were assessed for one repetition maximum (1RM) strength, arm ergometry performance, and several indices of quality of life and psychological well-being at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. Results: At baseline, there were no signi®cant di erences between groups in age, submaximal arm ergometry performance, muscle strength, or psychological well-being. Following training, the EX group had signi®cant increases in submaximal arm ergometry power output (81%; P50.05), and signi®cant increases in upper body muscle strength (19 ± 34%; P50.05); no signi®cant changes occurred in CON. Participants in EX reported signi®cantly less pain, stress and depression after training, and scored higher than CON in indices of satisfaction with physical function, level of perceived health and overall quality of life (P50.05). Exercise adherence (per cent of prescribed sessions attended) in those subjects who completed the 9 months of training was 82.5%.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that long-term twice-weekly exercise training in this population is feasible, and results in signi®cant gains in both physical and psychological wellbeing.

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Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion

Cited by 12,653 publications

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The changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̊O_2MAX) induced by physical exertion during an Antarctic expedition depend on the initial V̊O_2MAX of the individuals: a case study of the Brazilian expedition

The changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̊O_2MAX) induced by physical exertion during an Antarctic expedition depend on the initial V̊O_2MAX of the individuals: a case study of the Brazilian expedition

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances high-intensity running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia, independent of aerobic fitness

Long-term exercise training in persons with spinal cord injury: effects on strength, arm ergometry performance and psychological well-being

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Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion

Cited by 12,653 publications

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The changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̊O2MAX) induced by physical exertion during an Antarctic expedition depend on the initial V̊O2MAX of the individuals: a case study of the Brazilian expedition

The changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̊O2MAX) induced by physical exertion during an Antarctic expedition depend on the initial V̊O2MAX of the individuals: a case study of the Brazilian expedition

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances high-intensity running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia, independent of aerobic fitness

Long-term exercise training in persons with spinal cord injury: effects on strength, arm ergometry performance and psychological well-being

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The changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̊O_2MAX) induced by physical exertion during an Antarctic expedition depend on the initial V̊O_2MAX of the individuals: a case study of the Brazilian expedition

The changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̊O_2MAX) induced by physical exertion during an Antarctic expedition depend on the initial V̊O_2MAX of the individuals: a case study of the Brazilian expedition