Psychopharmacology tomorrow: <i>1984</i> or <i>The Little Prince</i>?

Giurgea, C.

doi:10.1017/s0033291700015075

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A “smart pill” is a drug that increases the cognitive ability of anyone taking it, whether the user is cognitively impaired or normal. The Romanian neuroscientist Corneliu Giurgea is often credited with first proposing, in the 1960s, that smart pills should be developed to increase the intelligence of the general population (see Giurgea, 1984). He is quoted as saying, “Man is not going to wait passively for millions of years before evolution offers him a better brain” (Gazzaniga, 2005, p. 71).…”

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confidence: 99%

Are prescription stimulants “smart pills”? The epidemiology and cognitive neuroscience of prescription stimulant use by normal healthy individuals.

Smith

Farah

2011

Psychological Bulletin

371

386

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Use of prescription stimulants by normal healthy individuals to enhance cognition is said to be on the rise. Who is using these medications for cognitive enhancement, and how prevalent is this practice? Do prescription stimulants in fact enhance cognition for normal healthy people? We review the epidemiological and cognitive neuroscience literatures in search of answers to these questions. Epidemiological issues addressed include the prevalence of nonmedical stimulant use, user demographics, methods by which users obtain prescription stimulants, and motivations for use. Cognitive neuroscience issues addressed include the effects of prescription stimulants on learning and executive function, as well as the task and individual variables associated with these effects. Little is known about the prevalence of prescription stimulant use for cognitive enhancement outside of student populations. Among college students, estimates of use vary widely but, taken together, suggest that the practice is commonplace. The cognitive effects of stimulants on normal healthy people cannot yet be characterized definitively, despite the volume of research that has been carried out on these issues. Published evidence suggests that declarative memory can be improved by stimulants, with some evidence consistent with enhanced consolidation of memories. Effects on the executive functions of working memory and cognitive control are less reliable but have been found for at least some individuals on some tasks. In closing, we enumerate the many outstanding questions that remain to be addressed by future research and also identify obstacles facing this research.

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confidence: 99%

Are prescription stimulants “smart pills”? The epidemiology and cognitive neuroscience of prescription stimulant use by normal healthy individuals.

Smith

Farah

2011

Psychological Bulletin

371

386

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“…The importance of psychotropic agents in the management of mental disorders can no longer be questioned [10]. Several contri butions in this volume testify to their effec tiveness in bipolar illness, schizophrenia, anxiety disturbances, eating disorders and personality disorders, and such evidence is particularly impressive in depressive illness [11].…”

Section: Psychopharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several contri butions in this volume testify to their effec tiveness in bipolar illness, schizophrenia, anxiety disturbances, eating disorders and personality disorders, and such evidence is particularly impressive in depressive illness [11]. Antidepressant drugs are certainly the most specific and readily available treat ment of major depressive disorders in the medical setting [12], Yet, even the future of psychopharmacology is unlikely to disclose new drugs capable to change either man's basic inner conflicts or aggressiveness [10]. Further, pharmacotherapy always occurs in the context of some form of psychological treatment [13].…”

Section: Psychopharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotherapy Research

Fava¹

1986

Psychother Psychosom

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“…Episodes of this fable or its main characters were sometimes used as a metaphor or a starting point in order to treat topics as predictive medicine,4 therapeutic relationship,5 6 cloning,7 psychopharmacology,8 spiritual development in children,9 normativity of rationality,10 the conception of reality,11 or even analysis of gravity 12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Medicine of the Invisible: bioethics and relationship in “The Little Prince”

Colucci

Pegoraro

2016

Med Humanities

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is one of the most famous fables. In this paper, we attempt to look at three bioethical issues through the Little Prince's eyes: the end-of-life context, the patient-physician relationship and prevention/precaution. The fable gives us the basis for a perspective we have called 'Medicine of the Invisible', which is value-focused. The Little Prince suggests that we seek the invisible-the "thing that is important", the "matters of consequence", even on a gnoseological and epistemological level-as a new type of 'clinical data' which may help to make healthcare more ethical and effective. However, this invisible is attainable only within a relationship, in which the physician needs to be tamed by the patient and the patient needs to be tamed by the physician-each one becoming responsible for the other, each one becoming himself through the dialogue with the other. Responsibility is also projected towards the future, against those threats to life that are still unseen and unknown: owning a part of the world entails the ethical imperative to act, in order to safeguard life. But, without a relationship-saturated with lived time, shared experiences, and individual's uniqueness-no meaning and no value can be given. For this reason, the Medicine of the Invisible reminds bioethics that "the thing that is important is the thing that is not seen".

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Psychopharmacology tomorrow: 1984 or The Little Prince?

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Are prescription stimulants “smart pills”? The epidemiology and cognitive neuroscience of prescription stimulant use by normal healthy individuals.

Are prescription stimulants “smart pills”? The epidemiology and cognitive neuroscience of prescription stimulant use by normal healthy individuals.

Psychotherapy Research

Towards a Medicine of the Invisible: bioethics and relationship in “The Little Prince”

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