Psychopathy, temperament, and character dimensions of personality as risk determinants of criminal recidivism in schizophrenia patients

Balcıoğlu, Yasin Hasan; Balcioglu, Simge Seren Kirlioglu; Öncü, Fatih; Türkcan, Ahmet

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14834

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Additionally, international comparisons between legal and clinical approaches to treatment and their effect on risk of relapse in crime are warranted, as criminal recidivism in mentally ill offenders appears to differ considerably between countries. Finally, a more detailed and comprehensive analysis of specific aspects of forensic psychiatric care ( 29 , 30 ) and aftercare ( 31 , 32 )—which, at the same time, takes into consideration patient characteristics ( 33 – 35 )—in relation to subsequent recidivism could also provide guidance for clinicians in their daily practice, as well as for policymakers engaged in deliberations on legal treatment of mentally ill offenders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of forensic psychiatric care and subsequent criminal recidivism in individuals sentenced in Sweden between 2009 and 2019

2023

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BackgroundThe duration of forensic psychiatric care is in Sweden not determined at the time of sentencing; instead, offenders are regularly evaluated, often with regard to risk of criminal recidivism. The length and justifiability of such a sanction have been greatly debated; however, previous estimates of treatment duration based on datasets delimited to discharged patients—have provided an uncertain groundwork for these deliberations. The aim of this study was to use a more suitable approach to calculate average duration of forensic psychiatric care and to examine the relationship between length of treatment and subsequent recidivism after discharge.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study focused on offenders sentenced to forensic psychiatric care in Sweden between 2009 and 2019 and registered in the Swedish National Forensic Psychiatric Register (n = 2064), with a follow-up period until May 2020. We used Kaplan–Meier estimator to calculate and visualize treatment duration including analyses comparing levels of relevant variables, and then evaluated criminal recidivism in patients discharged from treatment between 2009 and 2019 (n = 640), after stratification for the same variables and dichotomization by treatment duration.ResultsThe median duration of forensic psychiatric care was estimated to 89.7 months (95% CI 83.2–95.8). Treatment was longer in offenders who committed violent crimes, suffered from psychosis, or had a history of substance use disorder, and in offenders whose sentences included special court supervision. The cumulative incidence of recidivism in patients discharged from treatment was estimated to 13.5% at 12 months (95% CI 10.6–16.2) and 19.5% at 24 months (95% CI 16.0–22.8). Corresponding cumulative incidence of violent crime post discharge was 6.3% at 12 months (95% CI 4.3–8.3) and 9.9% at 24 months (95% CI 7.3–12.4). Among other findings, in patients without a history of substance use disorder and patients whose sentences did not include special court supervision, recidivism was significantly higher in those with a shorter treatment duration.ConclusionUsing the entirety of a suitable, contemporary, prospectively enrolled cohort of mentally ill offenders, we were able to estimate—with greater accuracy than previous studies—the average duration of Swedish forensic psychiatric care and rate of subsequent criminal recidivism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of forensic psychiatric care and subsequent criminal recidivism in individuals sentenced in Sweden between 2009 and 2019

2023

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“…23 Bekâr olanlarda bir eşe sahip olmanın sağladığı sosyal destek ve denetimin olmayışı, suç tekrar etme sıklığını artırmış olabilir. 24 Bir diğer neden, bekâr olanların evli olanlara göre kişiler arası ilişki becerilerindeki yetersizlikler olabilir. 25 Çalışmamızda, herhangi bir psikiyatrik tanı almayanların suç tekrar etme oranı diğer gruplardan daha düşük saptanırken, alkol veya madde bağımlısı olan bireylerin suçu tekrarlama oranlarının diğer tanı gruplarına göre yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Diagnostic and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Cases Evaluated for Criminal Liability in the Forensic Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic: 6.5-Year Retrospective Study

Koç¹,

Parlak²

2023

Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med

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Modern ceza kanunları, akıl sağlığı yerinde olmayanları cezalandırmak yerine tedavi amaçlı güvenlik tedbirlerine hükmetmekte ya da bu kimselerin cezalarında indirime gitmektedir. Bu çalışmada, adli psikiyatri polikliniğinde ceza sorumluluğu değerlendirilen olguların tanısal dağılımını ve sosyodemografik özelliklerini, ayrıca tekrarlayan suç ile ilişkili etmenleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmanın örneklemini, adli psikiyatri polikliniğinde ceza sorumluluğu açısından değerlendirilen 917 kişi oluşturmuştur. Olgulara ait yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, medeni durum, yaşadığı il, adli raporun sonucu, kişi için düzenlenen rapor sayısı ve konulan tanılar incelendi. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde sayı, yüzde, ortalama ve standart sapma gibi tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve kategorik değişkenler için ki-kare analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Olguların çoğunluğu genç, erkek, bekâr ve ilkokul mezunuydu. Olgu sayısı yıllar içinde artış göstermişti. Olguların %55,1'ine isnat edilen suçla ilgili olarak ceza sorumluluklarının tam olduğuna, %33,6'sına ceza sorumluklarının olmadığına, %11,2'sine ise ceza sorumluluklarının azaldığına dair bilirkişi raporu düzenlenmişti. Ceza sorumluluğu olmayan grupta psikoz, ceza sorumluluğu azalan grupta zekâ geriliği tanısı alanlar diğer gruplara göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Alkol/madde kullanım bozukluğu tanısı alanlar ile bekâr ve genç olanlarda suçu tekrarlama oranları diğerlerine göre daha yüksek bulundu. Sonuç: Her geçen yıl daha fazla olgu ceza sorumluluğunun belirlenmesi amacıyla psikiyatrik değerlendirmeye yönlendirilmektedir. 2000 yılında yapılan araştırmadan sonra ceza sorumluluğunu araştıran en büyük olgu sayısını içeren çalışma olması sebebiyle sonuçlarımız önemlidir.Anah tar Ke li me ler: Adli psikiyatri; ceza sorumluluğu; psikiyatrik hastalık; tekrarlayan suç ABS TRACT Objective: Instead of punishing the mentally ill, modern penal laws prescribe therapeutic security measures or reduce their sentences. In this study, it was aimed to determine the diagnostic distribution and sociodemographic characteristics of the cases whose criminal responsibility was evaluated in the forensic psychiatry outpatient clinic, as well as the factors associated with recidivism. Material and Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 917 people who were evaluated in terms of criminal responsibility in the forensic psychiatry outpatient clinic. The age, gender, education level, marital status, province of residence, the result of the forensic report, the number of reports prepared for the person and the diagnoses of the cases were examined. In the evaluation of the data, descriptive statistics such as number, percentage, mean and standard deviation, and chi-square analysis for categorical variables were used. Results: The majority of the cases were young, male, single and primary school graduates. The number of cases had increased over the years. 55.1% of the cases had full criminal responsibilities regarding the alleged crime. 33.6% of the cases did not have criminal responsibi...

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“…This observational, non-interventional, naturalistic, retrospective 3-year mirror-image study was conducted in the forensic psychiatry unit at Bakirkoy Prof. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (Istanbul, Turkiye), which is a regional mental health hospital (RMHH). This institution, along with its forensic psychiatry unit, which is specialized for the assessment and treatment of offenders with mental illnesses, is the largest of its kind in the country (Balcioglu et al , 2021). In Turkiye, as prescribed by the Turkish Penal Code Article 57, compulsory measures for not criminally responsible offenders with mental illnesses who, due to insanity, cannot comprehend the legal meaning and consequences of the act they committed, or if, in respect of such an act, their ability to control their behavior was significantly diminished, are accommodated and facilitated in either high-secure unit or specialist units at the RMHHs with appropriate treatment and rehabilitation for an indeterminate period (Balcioglu et al , 2023).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment adherence in forensic patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders discharged on long-acting injectable antipsychotics: a comparative 3-year mirror-image study

Balcioglu,

Ozdemir,

Oncu

et al. 2023

International Clinical Psychopharmacology

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In this retrospective 3-year mirror-image study, 81 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) were categorized according to whether they were prescribed long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) or not upon discharge from the inpatient forensic psychiatric unit. Antipsychotic adherence, which was staged based on the ‘proportion of days covered’ method, as well as other clinical outcomes was compared between pre- and post-index mirror periods. In both Oral-only (n = 46) and Oral + LAI (n = 35) groups, the number of hospitalizations, convictions and months spent in the hospital were significantly lower in the post-index period than the pre-index period. Differences in these three variables between pre- and post-index periods were NS between the two groups. A mixed effect ordinal logistic regression model with random intercept showed that the odds ratio of obtaining a higher treatment adherence score in the post-index period was more pronounced in the Oral + LAI group than in the Oral-only group, considering adherence at baseline and the length of stay during the index hospitalization as potential confounders. Discharge with LAIs in a forensic psychiatric cohort of SSD was associated with a greater mid- to long-term improvement in antipsychotic medication adherence compared to discharge with oral-only antipsychotics.

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Psychopathy, temperament, and character dimensions of personality as risk determinants of criminal recidivism in schizophrenia patients

Abstract: The study was approved by the local ethics committee [IRB: 23.07.2019[IRB: 23.07. -2019]. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and, if any, their legal representatives/guardians following a thorough explanation of the study procedure.

Cited by 7 publications

References 96 publications

Duration of forensic psychiatric care and subsequent criminal recidivism in individuals sentenced in Sweden between 2009 and 2019

Duration of forensic psychiatric care and subsequent criminal recidivism in individuals sentenced in Sweden between 2009 and 2019

Diagnostic and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Cases Evaluated for Criminal Liability in the Forensic Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic: 6.5-Year Retrospective Study

Treatment adherence in forensic patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders discharged on long-acting injectable antipsychotics: a comparative 3-year mirror-image study

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