Psychopathy and verbal indicators of deception in offenders

Lee, Zina; Klaver, Jessica; Hart, Stephen D.

doi:10.1080/10683160701423738

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For example, Lee, Klaver, and Hart (2008) asked prisoners to tell the truth about a crime they had committed and to lie about a theft they had not. For example, Lee, Klaver, and Hart (2008) asked prisoners to tell the truth about a crime they had committed and to lie about a theft they had not.…”

Section: Detecting Deception In Psychopathic Suspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interviewing a psychopathic suspect

Quayle

2008

Journal Invest Psychology

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Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterised by affective, interpersonal, antisocial, and lifestyle elements. Studies of the association between psychopathy (e.g. as operationalised in the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised) and criminal behaviour suggest that police interviewers and interview advisors would benefi t from an understanding of how psychopathic suspects are likely to behave during investigative interviews. Approaches to the identifi cation of psychopathic characteristics in suspects are considered with reference to the P-Scan screening tool and possible indicators of psychopathic characteristics in serious offences. Psychopathic characteristics that are likely to impact upon interview behaviour are outlined in order to suggest how the effects of these may be anticipated, and how strategies may be employed to maximise an interviewee's productive participation in the interview and to minimise the interviewee's tendency to disrupt, distort, or control the interview process. The manner in which psychopathic individuals attempt to deceive others and how a psychopathic suspect's lies might be identifi ed are discussed.In his highly infl uential clinical profi le, Cleckley (1976) described the prototypical psychopathic individual as superfi cially charming and intelligent, yet unreliable, dishonest, insincere, manipulative, and egocentric. The psychopathic individual is sexually promiscuous, does not experience love or empathy, and does not form lasting attachments to other people or principles. The psychopathic individual exhibits 'inadequately motivated antisocial behaviour' (i.e. antisocial behaviour that has no obvious motivation, such as material gain or infl uence), shows a blatant lack of shame or remorse for harm done to others, and fails to learn from experiences. Studies have shown that psychopathic individuals are responsible for a disproportionate amount of serious, repetitive crime and violence. For example, whilst Neumann and Hare (2008) estimate that the base rate of psychopathy in the general population to be around 1%, between 12.1% and 40% of rapists (depending upon the level of risk of the sample) would satisfy the criteria for a diagnosis of psychopathy (

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Section: Detecting Deception In Psychopathic Suspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interviewing a psychopathic suspect

Quayle

2008

Journal Invest Psychology

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“…However, they display problems with expressing emotions, which in PCL-R are described by such characteristics as lack of remorse and empathy, shallow affect, problems with behavioural control or an accepting of responsibility. Lee, Klaver and Hart [22] compared psychopathic and non-psychopathic offenders in their tendency to lie. Their research indicate that psychopathic offenders provide more details when they tell a false story comparing to the non-psychopathic ones (with no differences between groups when offenders tell the truth).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were not viewed as credible when telling their stories. Therefore, Lee et al [22] believe that psychopathic behavioural style (indicating confidence) as well as detailed narratives make them effective in deception. Porter and Woodworth [23] add that psychopathic murderers have a greater tendency than non-psychopaths to emphasize the reactivity (impulsivity, lack of planning) of their acts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-esteem and styles of coping with stress versus strategies of planning in people with psychopathic personality disorders

2012

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SummaryBackgroundPsychopathy is a notion that has been difficult to define. The operational definition of psychopathy by Hare is one of the most commonly used in psychology and it is usually identified with the scale used to measure this type of personality, which is the Psychopathy Checklist - Revision (PCL-R). PCL-R is composed of two factors: Factor 1 describes a constellation of psychopathic traits considered by many clinicians to be basic for this type of personality, and Factor 2 describes types of behaviour indicating impulsiveness, lack of stability and antisocial lifestyle. The aim of the research was to verify a hypothesis that people with psychopathic personality disorders are characterised by high self-esteem, unconstructive strategies of planning actions and non-adaptive styles of coping with stress.Material/MethodsThe group of participants included 30 people at the age of 22–36 convicted with a legally binding sentence. Methods were: 1. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revision (PCL-R); 2. Antisocial Personality Questionnaire (APQ); 3. Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS); 4. Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES).ResultsThe participants were diagnosed as psychopaths (PCL-R), and more specifically – as primary psychopaths (APQ). They revealed a grandiose sense of self-worth, increased self-control, impulsive style of functioning, perceived high self-efficacy (which might be considered as a defence mechanism). Psychopaths prefer a coping style focused on emotions and avoidance.ConclusionsThe hypothesis was confirmed, that people with psychopathic personality disorders are characterised by high self-esteem, unconstructive strategies of planning actions and non-adaptive styles of coping with stress.

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“…Por su parte, Vrij, Akehurst, Soukara, y Bull (2002) demostraron que el conocimiento y entrenamiento en las categorías de realidad del CBCA merman su efectividad. Entre las variables intervinientes o mediadoras de la eficacia de los criterios de realidad del CBCA destacan la edad del evaluado (Vrij, Akehurst, Soukara, y Bull, 2004), la psicopatía (Lee, Klaver, y Hart, 2008), o trastornos de personalidad del grupo B, como el trastorno límite de la personalidad o el trastorno de la personalidad por inestabilidad emocional (Böhm, 2005;Böhm y Steller, 2008), pueden afectar al análisis de la credibilidad a través del CBCA. Por otro lado, Bensi et al (2009) advirtieron que la falta de consistencia inter-estudios podía deberse al enfoque metodológico empleado en los estudios experimentales.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Por su parte, Vrij (2005), en otra revisión, apuntó que eran la cantidad de detalles, la elaboración inestructurada, el engranaje contextual y la reproducción de conversaciones. Posteriormente, Lee et al (2008), coincidiendo con Vrij en la bondad de los criterios cognitivos frente a los criterios motivacionales, hallaron que el engranaje contextual, la reproducción de conversaciones, las complicaciones inesperadas y la atribución del estado mental del autor del delito presentaban una mayor frecuencia dentro de las declaraciones reales. Como es fácilmente constatable, aunque existen criterios coincidentes entre los diversos estudios, también aparecen variaciones entre los mismos; algunas de éstas pueden atribuirse, claramente, al material experimental empleado en el estudio (p. e., que los criterios no estén presentes en el material que se visualiza para elaborar la historia que será objeto de evaluación) (Bensi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified