Psychopathology in Hospitalized Alcoholics

Hesselbrock, Michie N.; Meyer, Roger E.; Keener, Janet J.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790340028004

Cited by 692 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…More specifically, 67% of the fathers and 75% of the mothers had comorbid DSM-III-R depression, drug dependence, or both. These rates are in accordance with the 77% comorbidity rate found by Hesselbrock et al (1985). In the present study, only 20% of the fathers and 9% of the mothers were diagnosed with alcohol dependence only, highlighting the need to consider additional parental psychopathology when examining the relationship between parental alcoholism and offspring adjustment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Studies examining clinical samples of alcoholics have found even higher rates of comorbid psychopathology. For example, in a clinical sample of alcoholics, Hesselbrock, Meyer, and Keener (1985) found that 77% of the hospitalized alcoholics in their study met the diagnostic criteria for an additional psychiatric disorder, with approximately one half of the alcoholic women and one third of the alcoholic men meeting the criteria for major depression and about one fifth of the alcoholic women and one half of the alcoholic men meeting the criteria for ASPD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Relationship Between Parental Alcoholism and Adolescent Psychopathology: A Systematic Examination of Parental Comorbid Psychopathology

Ohannessian

Hesselbrock

Kramer

et al. 2004

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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The relationship between parental alcohol dependence (with and without comorbid psychopathology) and adolescent psychopathology was examined in a sample of 665 13-17 year-old adolescents and their parents. Results indicated that adolescents who had parents diagnosed with alcohol dependence only did not significantly differ from adolescents who had parents with no psychopathology in regard to any of the measures of psychological symptomatology (substance use, conduct disorder, and depression) or clinical diagnoses (alcohol dependence, marijuana dependence, conduct disorder, or depression) assessed. In contrast, adolescents who had parents diagnosed with alcohol dependence and either comorbid drug dependence or depression were more likely to exhibit higher levels of psychological symptomatology. In addition, adolescents who had parents diagnosed with alcohol dependence, depression, and drug dependence were most likely to exhibit psychological problems. These findings underscore the importance of considering parental comorbid psychopathology when examining the relationship between parental alcoholism and offspring adjustment.KEY WORDS: comorbidity; substance abuse; conduct disorder; depression; COAs; adolescence.Previous research has indicated that children of alcoholic parents (COAs) are at an increased risk for many psychological problems during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. For example, COAs have been found to have an elevated risk for the development of externalizing problems such as conduct disorder, oppositional disorder, delinquency, and attention deficit disorder (Earls, Reich,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Parental Alcoholism and Adolescent Psychopathology: A Systematic Examination of Parental Comorbid Psychopathology

Ohannessian

Hesselbrock

Kramer

et al. 2004

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…Alcohol dependence and depression cooccur commonly in clinical populations. 265,266 Presumably, a deficit in 5-HTergic transmission is involved in the etiology and maintenance of alcoholism and 5-HT may mediate ethanol intake (for review see LeMarquand et al 267,268 ). Distinguishing the effects of long-term alcohol intake from putative premorbid 5-HT dysfunction is a problem.…”

Section: 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Mdma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic vulnerability and depression: assumptions, experimental evidence and implications

et al. 2006

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In recent years, the term serotonergic vulnerability (SV) has been used in scientific literature, but so far it has not been explicitly defined. This review article attempts to elucidate the SV concept. SV can be defined as increased sensitivity to natural or experimental alterations of the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system. Several factors that may disrupt the 5-HTergic system and hence contribute to SV are discussed, including genetic factors, female gender, personality characteristics, several types of stress and drug use. It is explained that SV can be demonstrated by means of manipulations of the 5-HTergic system, such as 5-HT challenges or acute tryptophan depletion (ATD). Results of 5-HT challenge studies and ATD studies are discussed in terms of their implications for the concept of SV. A model is proposed in which a combination of various factors that may compromise 5-HT functioning in one person can result in depression or other 5-HT-related pathology. By manipulating 5-HT levels, in particular with ATD, vulnerable subjects may be identified before pathology initiates, providing the opportunity to take preventive action. Although it is not likely that this model applies to all cases of depression, or is able to identify all vulnerable subjects, the strength of the model is that it may enable identification of vulnerable subjects before the 5-HT related pathology occurs. Molecular Psychiatry ( Keywords: serotonin; mood disorders; stress; genetics; sex; tryptophan Involvement of serotonin in depressionMood disorders are one of the most prevalent forms of mental illness. 1 According to the DSM-IV, the lifetime risk for major depressive disorder is between 10 and 25% for women and between 5 and 12% for men. 2 Depression has been studied intensively during the last few decades, but the psychological and neurobiological determinants of depression have not yet been precisely defined. Although several factors are known to contribute to the etiology of depression, it is not clear how these factors cause depression, and why some subjects become depressed while others remain unaffected. In terms of biological factors in the etiology of depression, there are several hypotheses. These include neurotransmitter dysfunctions (serotonin, 5-HT; dopamine, DA; norepinephrine, NE); dysregulations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity; and immune system imbalance. The aim of this article is not to discuss all of these hypotheses in detail, but to evaluate the role that serotonin may play within these hypothesized mechanisms.It is widely accepted that diminished serotonergic (5-HTergic) function is involved in the onset and course of depression. 3,4 The 5-HTergic system is a large and complex system. Although nearly all cell bodies of 5-HTergic neurons are located in the raphe nuclei in the brain stem, the axons of these neurons innervate almost the entire brain. The actions of 5-HT are mediated by 16 types and subtypes of receptors. 5 As the 5-HTergic system is assumed to be a modulatory system, the exact func...

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“…There is a high prevalence of persons diagnosed with both a psychiatric disability and a chemical dependency in the United States, as evidenced by both epidemiological data and studies of treatment-seekers in substance abuse and mental health programs (Dixon, Haas, Weiden, Sweeney & Frances, 1991;Gawin & Kleber, 1985;Greenfield, Weiss & Tohen, 1995;Hesselbrock, Meyer & Keener, 1985;Kleinman, Miller & Millman, 1990;Marlowe et al, 1995;Mirin, Weiss & Michael, 1988;Rounseville, Anton & Carroll, 1991;Rounseville, Kosten, Weissman & Kleber, 1986;Rounseville, Weissman, Kleber & Wilber, 1982;Weiss et al, 1986). There is also evidence that those with lifetime comorbidity are more likely than those with a single disorder to experience major impairments in economic roles (e.g., unemployment, financial problems) and social roles (e.g., social isolation, interpersonal conflicts; see Kessler, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double trouble in recovery: Self-help for people with dual diagnoses.

Vogel¹,

Knight²,

Laudet³

et al. 1998

Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal

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Self-help is gaining increased acceptance among treatment professionals as the advent of managed care warrants the use of cost-effective modalities. Traditional "one disease-one recovery" self-help groups cannot serve adequately the needs of the dually diagnosed. This article discusses Double Trouble in Recovery (DTR), a 12-step self-help group designed to meet the special needs of those diagnosed with both a psychiatric disability and a chemical addiction, DTR differs from traditional self-help groups by offering people a safe forum to discuss their psychiatric disabilities, medication, and substance abuse. Preliminary data collected at four DTR sites in NYC indicate that DTR members have a long history of psychiatric disabilities and of substance abuse, and extensive experience with treatment programs in both areas. They are actively working on their recovery, as evidenced by their fairly intensive attendance at DTR. Recent substance use is limited, suggesting that participation in DTR (in conjunction with format treatment when needed) is having a positive effect. Most members require medication to control their psychiatric disabilities, and that alone may make attendance at "conventional" 12-step groups uncomfortable. Ratings of statements comparing DTR to other 12-step meetings suggest that DTR is a setting where members can feel comfortable and safe discussing their dual recovery needs.

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Psychopathology in Hospitalized Alcoholics

Cited by 692 publications

References 19 publications

The Relationship Between Parental Alcoholism and Adolescent Psychopathology: A Systematic Examination of Parental Comorbid Psychopathology

The Relationship Between Parental Alcoholism and Adolescent Psychopathology: A Systematic Examination of Parental Comorbid Psychopathology

Serotonergic vulnerability and depression: assumptions, experimental evidence and implications

Double trouble in recovery: Self-help for people with dual diagnoses.

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