Psychopathology in 90 consecutive human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients with mostly intravenous drug use history

Perretta, P.; Nisita, C.; Zaccagnini, Edoardo; Lorenzetti, C.; Nuccorini, A.; Cassano, Giovanni Battista; Akiskal, Hagop S.

doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(96)90006-1

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…First, the sample was characterized by high rates of current and lifetime psychopathology (see Table 1). These findings are consistent with past studies documenting that psychological disorders are highly common among the HIV population and are apt to play important roles in HIV quality of life and disease management (Chandra et al 1998;Perretta et al 1996). Second, perceived distress tolerance and emotion dysregulation shared approximately 33 % of variance with one another among the present sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Distress Tolerance, Emotion Dysregulation, and Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among HIV+ Individuals

2012

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The current study examined the mediational effects of emotion dysregulation in terms of the relation between perceived distress tolerance and anxiety and depressive symptoms among HIV? individuals. Participants included 176 HIV? adults (21.6 % female, M age = 48.40 years, SD = 8.66). Results indicated that distress tolerance was significantly related to greater depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results also indicated that emotion dysregulation mediated this association. The observed findings were evident above and beyond the variance accounted for by CD4 T-cell count, ethnicity, gender, education level, and cannabis use status. The results are discussed in terms of the potential explanatory utility of perceived distress tolerance and emotion dysregulation in terms of psychological well-being among HIV? individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Rates of anxiety disorders among HIV? individuals have been estimated as high as 43 % (Chandra et al 1998;Perretta et al 1996). Likewise, depressive symptoms and disorders commonly co-occur with HIV/AIDS, with some studies finding over a 50 % base rate of clinical depression among adults with HIV/AIDS (Williams et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distress Tolerance, Emotion Dysregulation, and Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among HIV+ Individuals

2012

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“…Higher levels of dysphoria and irritability and lower denial of life events were more evident in IVDUs than in patients who were infected through homosexual intercourse. This seems to corroborate the notion that IVDUs may be more predisposed to the psychosocial consequences of HIV infection because preexisting emotional problems and personality vulnerability [31, 37, 38]. Minor differences were found between patients who contracted the infection through homosexual intercourses than those who were infected through heterosexual intercourses, with the exception of higher levels of dysphoria in the latter group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Illness Behavior, Emotional Stress and Psychosocial Factors among Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Patients

Grassi

Righi²,

Makoui³

et al. 1999

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: Over the last years the way in which patients with chronic physical illness respond to their illness (illness behavior) has been explored by several studies. This study sought to examine characteristics of illness behavior and to investigate the association between illness behavior and psychosocial and clinical variables among asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects. Methods: Seventy-three asymptomatic HIV+ outpatients completed self-report questionnaires to evaluate illness behavior (Illness Behavior Questionnaire), psychological stress symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory), personality variables (External Locus of Control and Courtauld Emotional Control Scales) and social support (Social Provision Scale). Results: Psychological morbidity (‘caseness’ = 34%) was associated with a pattern of illness behavior characterized by conviction of disease progression, irritability, dysphoria, psychological perception of illness and low denial. Individual capacity to express emotions, adequate levels of social support and low levels of depression, as well as clinical variables (high number of CD4+ cells, recent notification of HIV infection and nonintravenous drug use category) influenced a more adaptive illness behavior. Psychological stress and low CD4+ cell count were the main predictors of the affective dimension of illness behavior. Conclusions: Psychosocial variables resulted to influence the tendency to interpret illness in a nonadaptive way in asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects. Such variables merit to be routinely examined within the doctor-patient relationship in AIDS clinics.

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“…48 Adjustment disorder was reported in around onethird of the patients in one study, and was prevalent at both asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of the HIV infection. 67 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is another potential consequence of receiving a HIV/AIDS diagnosis. 61 In one study, one-third of 61 HIV-positive patients met the criteria for a syndrome of PTSD in response to HIV diagnosis.…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV infection and psychiatric illness

Owe‐Larsson

Säll²,

Salamon³

et al. 2009

Afr. J. Psych

139

126

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Introduction HIV is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) retrovirus that is the causative agent for AIDS. HIV belongs to the Lentivirus genus in the family Retroviridae, characterized by a replication cycle in which the viral RNA is reverse transcribed into a DNA proviral form that is integrated into the host cell genome. The retrovirus is composed of two copies of single-stranded RNA that codes for the virus's 9 genes. The RNA is non-covalently linked to the core proteins, which in turn is surrounded by a viral envelope, which enables the virus to enter cells by binding to a specific cellular receptor located on the surface of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cells. 1 A few years after the discovery of HIV-1, a second virus, HIV-2, was found in West Africa. HIV-1 and HIV-2 differ regarding their content of the genome, resulting in lower AIDS rates in HIV-2 infected individuals. 2 Once exposed to the body, the HIV virus antibodies may be detected after an acute flu-like illness, and then proceeds to infect specific cells of the immune system during an asymptomatic period that may last for years. In order to enter a cell, HIV must bind to CD4, typically found on T lymphocytes, blood monocytes, macrophages and some dendrite cells, and subsequently to one or a combination of several possible chemokine co-receptors, usually CCR5 and CXCR4. 3,4 The late HIV infection and psychiatric illness B Owe-Larsson, L Säll, E Salamon, C Allgulander Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract Objective: To review the clinical features and current knowledge on the treatment of psychiatric symptoms and disorders in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Method: We searched the PubMed database combining HIV/AIDS with different keywords for psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms (e.g. depression, mania, anxiety, psychosis, dementia, substance abuse) and for psychopharmacological treatment. The years covered by these searches included 1980 to 2008. Results: Patients with HIV infection are at an increased risk of psychiatric illness. Major depressive disorder and subsyndromal depressive symptoms, as well as anxiety disorder and substance abuse are more prevalent among HIV infected individuals than among the general population. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are common among HIV patients, and HIV-associated dementia (HAD) is a serious condition during the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) stage of HIV disease. Secondary mania and psychosis might be the first clinical symptom of HIV dementia. The introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in significant decreases in morbidity and mortality for HIV infected patients. HAART has also decreased the incidence of HAD, but does not give complete protection from this condition. The utility of psychotropic medications in HIV patients has not been studied sufficiently as a basis for guidelines, and more controlled trials are n...

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Psychopathology in 90 consecutive human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients with mostly intravenous drug use history

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Distress Tolerance, Emotion Dysregulation, and Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among HIV+ Individuals

Distress Tolerance, Emotion Dysregulation, and Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among HIV+ Individuals

Illness Behavior, Emotional Stress and Psychosocial Factors among Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Patients

HIV infection and psychiatric illness

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