Psychopathological symptoms in parents and siblings of people on the autism spectrum: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Functional outcome in late adolescence/early adulthood of patients with autism spectrum disorder and its relationships with parental burnout and depression: A preliminary multi-center, cross-sectional study

“…Mothers of children with ASD are the primary caregivers experiencing elevated stress, which may contribute to the development of maternal psychopathology [ 14 , 22 , 23 , 29 ]. Accordingly, past studies reported that mothers of children with ASD experience elevated burden and depression in comparison to fathers, and there may exist bidirectional spillover effects between parent dyads [ [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , 48 , 49 ]. Parents with lower education, those living with male/older children with without functional speech, and the presence of behavioral problems/psychiatric comorbidity/physical disorders in offspring with were found to have elevated stress, depressive symptoms, and burnout in previous studies [ [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , 38 , 41 ].…”

“…Accordingly, past studies reported that mothers of children with ASD experience elevated burden and depression in comparison to fathers, and there may exist bidirectional spillover effects between parent dyads [ [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , 48 , 49 ]. Parents with lower education, those living with male/older children with without functional speech, and the presence of behavioral problems/psychiatric comorbidity/physical disorders in offspring with were found to have elevated stress, depressive symptoms, and burnout in previous studies [ [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , 38 , 41 ]. Supporting those views, self-reported depression and burnout levels in our study were also significantly elevated in mothers compared to fathers.…”

“…Recent studies suggest that approximately one-fifth to more than one-third of parents with children who were diagnosed with ASD may report clinically significant depressive symptoms [ [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] ]. Our results support and extend the results of previous studies and may suggest that parenting stress, burnout and depression may continue over the long term for parents of Turkish children with .…”

“…Elevated levels of stress and burnout among parents may adversely affect couples’ relationships, parenting practices, behavior problems in offspring with and the mental health of all family members [ 11 ]. Supporting this position, recent meta-analyses reported that anxiety and depression were common among parents of children with , with median rates of 33.0 % and 31.0 %, respectively [ 12 , 13 ]. Depressive symptoms may be especially elevated among mothers [ 13 ].…”

“…Supporting this position, recent meta-analyses reported that anxiety and depression were common among parents of children with , with median rates of 33.0 % and 31.0 %, respectively [ 12 , 13 ]. Depressive symptoms may be especially elevated among mothers [ 13 ]. Studies conducted in Turkey supported that parents of children with had elevated levels of burnout and depression, while no study has been conducted to date on depression and burnout levels among parents of Turkish adults with [ 14 ].…”