Psychopathic personalities and developmental systems

Maung, Hane Htut

doi:10.1080/09515089.2021.1916453

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…If psychopathy is maintained in populations under frequency dependent selection, then we should expect psychopathy to have a strong genetic component (Fitzpatrick et al, 2007;Trotter and Spencer, 2007). However, recent evidence shows that psychopathy is the result of multiple genetic and environmental factors which interact in dynamic ways (for a comprehensive review on this topic see Maung et al, 2021). Psychopathy might have a genetic component as…”

Section: Frequency-dependent Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If psychopathy is maintained in populations under frequency-dependent selection, then we should expect it to have a strong genetic component (Fitzpatrick et al, 2007 ; Trotter & Spencer, 2007 ). However, recent evidence shows that psychopathy is the result of multiple genetic and environmental factors which interact in dynamic ways (for a comprehensive review on this topic see Maung, 2021 ). Psychopathy might have a genetic component, as shown by heritability studies that estimate that 40–60% of the variance in psychopathy can be explained by genetic factors (Bezdjian et al, 2011 ; Blonigen et al, 2003 , 2005 ; Glenn & Raine, 2014 : 23; Johansson et al, 2008 ; Larsson et al, 2006 ; Taylor et al, 2003 ; Vernon et al, 2008 ; Viding et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Evolutionary Explanations Of Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is it good to be bad? An evolutionary analysis of the adaptive potential of psychopathic traits

2022

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Although psychopathy is widely conceptualised as a mental disorder, some researchers question the maladaptive nature of psychopathy, and argue that it might be advantageous from an evolutionary point of view. According to this view psychopathy can be seen as an evolutionary adaptative strategy that relies on deception and manipulation to gain short-term reproductive benefits. Psychopathy is also identified as a fast life strategy in response to early life stress and an adaptation to harsh environments. This paper investigates the evidence that psychopathic traits are adaptive, while also addressing the limitations of current evolutionary models of psychopathy based on frequency-dependent selection and life-history theory. We review recent studies on the fitness correlates of psychopathy and find that psychopathic traits present potential adaptive trade-offs between fertility and mortality, and offspring quantity and quality. On a proximate level, individual differences in stress reactivity and environmental risk factors in early development predispose to psychopathy through gene-environment interactions. We propose that environmental, developmental, social and cultural factors can mediate the relationship between psychopathic traits and fitness and therefore should be considered to make accurate predictions on the adaptive potential of psychopathy. We end by outlining gaps in the literature and making recommendations for future evolutionary research on psychopathy.

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Section: Frequency-dependent Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolutionary Explanations Of Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it good to be bad? An evolutionary analysis of the adaptive potential of psychopathic traits

2022

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“…Similarly, Trevarthen (2016) also believed that personality can be spotted as early as on infants because it is inborn. The belief that personality is inborn is emphasised in a study by Maung (2021) who also believed that personality can be spotted as early as after birth because people are born with their personalities. Be that as it may, different researchers such as Satpathy (2021) have different views regarding the origin of personality.…”

Section: Personality and Personality Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between personality of owner-managers and performance of internet cafes in Free State, South Africa

Tsoai

Chipunza

2022

SAJESBM

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Background: Although small businesses, including internet cafes, contribute to the country’s economy, the majority of internet cafes fail to survive for more than 2 years after their first year of operation.Aim: The main aim of this article was to promote the growth and survival of small businesses in the telecommunication industry through profiling owner–managers and the business performance of internet cafés in the Free State province, South Africa.Setting: The study focuses on the relationship between the personality of owner–managers and the performance of internet cafés.Methods: This study draws on a quantitative approach in line with the positivist paradigm, with a participation of 88 owner–managers who completed the questionnaires.Results: The findings of the study showed that conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience traits are positively related to the performance of internet cafes.Conclusion: Despite most studies investigating the relationship between the performance of internet cafes and the personality traits of owner–managers, this study concludes that there is a relationship between the two variables. This informs institutions that provide funding for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to encourage people with conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience personality traits to pursue businesses in the technology industry.

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“…For instance, higher levels of ‘unemotionality’ may be associated with reduced experience of fear and anxiety and, more generally, with greater resilience to stress. Therefore, the consequences of maltreatment in childhood for the development of callous-unemotional behaviors are ambiguous, and it is clear that genes and environment interact 12 , 13 . Furthermore, complex interactions between parenting style, psychophysiological responsivity, and callous-unemotional traits were reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing callous-unemotional personality traits by heart rate orienting responses to images inducing threat and distress

Schulter,

Milek,

Lackner

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The present study aimed at developing a rather easily applicable method of testing physiological reactions to images of threats and misery. To this end, rapid-changing, transient heart rate orienting responses were used for gaining physiologically based, objective responses to the images. Additionally, subjective ratings were obtained. A significant insensitivity to other's welfare and well-being was already demonstrated as a core feature of callous-unemotional personalities. Thus, physiologically based methods may supplement and possibly improve existing assessments and, in particular, may contribute to a multimodal assessment of psychopathic traits. Out of a non-forensic community sample of 122 men, we selected two extreme groups of 30 participants with the lowest and highest callous-unemotional traits respectively, ascertained by questionnaires. As expected, participants with higher scores of callous-unemotional traits showed smaller responses to distress cues in both heart rate responses and subjective ratings. Moreover, within the group with high callous-unemotional traits heart rate responses to threatening as well as distress cues did not significantly differ from responses to neutral pictures. The study provides further evidence for the idea that a lack of responsiveness to distress cues may be seen as a central feature of callous-unemotional personalities.

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Psychopathic personalities and developmental systems

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Is it good to be bad? An evolutionary analysis of the adaptive potential of psychopathic traits

Is it good to be bad? An evolutionary analysis of the adaptive potential of psychopathic traits

Relationship between personality of owner-managers and performance of internet cafes in Free State, South Africa

Diagnosing callous-unemotional personality traits by heart rate orienting responses to images inducing threat and distress

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