Psychoneuroimmunology

Abstract

In this chapter, we briefly introduce two major physiological systems that modulate immune function and then provide evidence for stress‐immune relationships in acute and chronic conditions. Next, we explore the psychosocial factors that may be important in moderating and mediating these relationships, including negative affect, social support, and interpersonal relationships. Finally, we review intervention strategies that may be beneficial in reducing the negative effects of stress on the immune system. Basic and applied psychoneuroimmunology research studies have provided an encouraging foundation for characterizing the links between psychosocial and immunological factors. The current knowledge of psychoneuroimmunology with respect to individual psychological differences, emotions, coping strategies, and interpersonal relationships has already had a significant impact on understanding the contribution that the psychosocial context has on immune function, health, and disease. The next wave of research will expand our knowledge of psychosocial factors and their role in the progression of immunologically mediated conditions, including HIV/AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, certain cancers, and surgical recovery. From this knowledge, we can devise and implement effective interventions to enhance quality of life and improve health.

Findings all psychologists should know from the new science on subjective well-being.

“…Similarly, experimentally induced positive moods show benefits for some aspects of the immune system (Marsland, Pressman, & Cohen, 2007). Furthermore, stress-reduction techniques in experimental intervention studies tend to improve immune parameters (Kiecolt-Glaser & Glaser, 1992; Stowell, McGuire, Robles, Glaser, & Kiecolt-Glaser, 2003), as does mindfulness meditation (Davidson et al, 2003). In sum, although more research is necessary, converging evidence suggests that SWB often has a beneficial effect on health and longevity.…”

Stress and Chronic Illness: the Case of Diabetes

“…For example, an event or situation (e.g., public speaking) may elicit a stress response for one person, but might result in little or no stress response for another person (Weiten 2008). Currently, there are no set criteria for classifying stressors as acute or chronic (Stowel et al 2003). This is largely because of the unclear boundaries between what are considered to be acute and chronically stressful experiences (Gottlieb 1997).…”

The effects of preoperative preparation on postoperative outcomes: The moderating role of control appraisals.

“…The field of psycho-neuro-immunology (PNI) investigates the theory that psychological factors influence physical health through neuroimmunoendocrine pathways (Stowell, McGuire, Robles, Glaser, & Kiecolt Glaser, 2003). Within PNI, health research has focused on cortisol and proinflammatory cytokines (Miller, Cohen, & Ritchey, 2002).…”