Psychomotor Stimulant Effects on Single Neurons in Awake, Behaving Rats

West, Mark O.; Peoples, Laura L.; Wolske, Martin; Dworkin, Steven I.

doi:10.1037/e496122006-005

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus comparison of firing rate during different 0.5 min bins before and after the press was not confounded by different sample sizes. This analysis is comparable to behavioral clamping techniques (c.f., Rank et al, 1983) used to discriminate between firing patterns that reflect a primary drug effect and firing patterns that instead reflect feedback from drug-induced behaviors (e.g., West et al, 1992West et al, , 1997Haracz et al, 1993;Peoples et al, 1994).…”

Section: Does Nacc Firing Concomitant With Locomotion Engender the Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reversal firing pattern (Peoples and West, 1996), NAcc neurons show phasic changes in firing during the seconds before and after the press (Chang et al, 1990(Chang et al, , 1994(Chang et al, , 1996(Chang et al, , 1998C arelli et al, 1993;Deadw yler, 1994, 1996a,b;Uzwiak et al, 1997). Neurons additionally exhibit changes in firing during the entire self-administration session relative to presession nondrug baseline recording periods (referred to as tonic changes in firing) (Peoples and West, 1990;Peoples et al, 1994Peoples et al, , 1998West et al, 1992;Chang et al, 1998; for a related finding see C arelli and Deadw yler, 1994Deadw yler, , 1996a. Like the change ϩ progressive reversal firing pattern, the phasic changes in firing during the seconds before and after the press, as well as the tonic changes in firing, are associated with regular patterns of locomotion and thus potentially reflect discharges time locked to locomotion.…”

Section: Previous Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, on close examination, Chang et al (1994) found that the phasic changes in firing during the seconds before and after the press are not completely synchronized with, and thus not entirely attributable to, the pattern of locomotion. Moreover, preliminary analysis of the tonic changes in firing showed that the differences in overall firing rate between the nondrug and self-administration period are not likely to be attributable solely to the differences in locomotion between those two conditions (Peoples and West, 1990;Peoples et al, 1994;West et al, 1992). In total, evidence that is currently available indicates that the changes in firing exhibited by NAcc neurons in temporal relation to cocaine self-administration are not determined solely by phasic changes in firing time locked to locomotion.…”

Section: Previous Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phasic Firing Time Locked to Cocaine Self-Infusion and Locomotion: Dissociable Firing Patterns of Single Nucleus Accumbens Neurons in the Rat

et al. 1998

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The activity of single nucleus accumbens (NAcc) neurons of rats was extracellularly recorded during intravenous cocaine self-administration sessions (0.7 mg/kg per infusion, fixed ratio 1). We reported previously that NAcc neurons showed a change, usually a decrease, in firing rate during the first 1 min after the cocaine-reinforced lever press. This postpress change was followed by a progressive reversal of that change, which began within the first 2 min after the press and was not complete until the last 1 min before the next lever press (termed the change + progressive reversal firing pattern). In the present study we documented a regular pattern of locomotion that occurred in parallel with the change + progressive reversal firing pattern. This observation suggested that discharges time locked to locomotion may determine the change + progressive reversal firing pattern. However, 55% of the neurons failed to show firing time locked to locomotion that could have contributed to the change + progressive reversal firing pattern. Moreover, for all neurons, the change + progressive reversal firing pattern was apparent even if the calculation of firing rate excluded all periods of locomotion. The present data showed that the change + progressive reversal firing pattern is not solely attributable to phasic changes in firing time locked to the execution of locomotion. The change + progressive reversal firing pattern closely mirrors changes in drug level and dopamine overflow observed by previous researchers and may thus be a component of the neurophysiological mechanism by which drug level regulates drug-taking behavior during an ongoing self-administration session.

show abstract

Section: Does Nacc Firing Concomitant With Locomotion Engender the Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phasic Firing Time Locked to Cocaine Self-Infusion and Locomotion: Dissociable Firing Patterns of Single Nucleus Accumbens Neurons in the Rat

et al. 1998

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This may occur even in the absence of increased D, receptor number (Kleven et al, 1990;Peris et al, 1990;Mayfield et al, 1992) due to a postreceptor increase of adenylate cyclase and CAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in NAc (Terwilliger et al, 1991). However, the predominant inhibitory action of dopamine on NAc neurons in anesthetized animals might not occur in freely moving animals, which exhibit dopaminergic excitation in the NAc (West et al, 1992). Moreover, the effect of chronic cocaine on basal dopamine level is somewhat controversial, as 10 mg/kg administered twice daily reportedly increases basal dopamine level in NAc over the first 3 d before returning to baseline on days 4 and 5, and significantly decreases NAc basal dopamine level thereafter (Imperato et al, 1992).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Chronic Cocaine Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradual tolerance of metabolic activity is produced in mesolimbic regions by chronic cocaine treatment, while subsequent cocaine challenge activates extrapyramidal regions of rat brain

Hammer

Cooke

1994

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acute administration of cocaine is known to enhance extracellular dopamine levels in the striatum and to activate immediate-early gene expression in striatal neurons. Regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglc) reportedly increases in extrapyramidal and mesolimbic brain regions in response to acute cocaine treatment. However, chronic administration attenuates the cocaine-induced enhancement of regional dopamine response and the induction of immediate-early gene expression in these regions. Chronic treatment also produces tolerance to cocaine's reinforcing effects. Thus, differential responses to cocaine occur with increasing length of treatment. Therefore, we examined the time course of effects of repeated daily cocaine treatment on rCMRglc in rat brain. Acute administration of 10 mg/kg cocaine slightly increased rCMRglc in mesolimbic and extrapyramidal regions. However, no significant effects were observed until more than 7 d of treatment, whereupon rCMRglc was reduced compared to saline treatment in the infralimbic portion of the medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, habenula, amygdala, and a few other brain regions. In contrast, after 13 d of 10 mg/kg cocaine treatment, challenge with 30 mg/kg cocaine increased rCMRglc in the striatum, globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, subthalamus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, and a few other regions without affecting limbic or mesolimbic regions. Thus, repeated daily treatment with a low dose of cocaine gradually decreased metabolic activity particularly in mesolimbic regions. Subsequent treatment with a higher dose produced metabolic activation mostly in extrapyramidal regions. This effect of chronic treatment could represent tolerance to the initial metabolic response, which can be replicated thereafter but only by increasing the drug dose. These results suggest that tolerance to the metabolic effects of cocaine in selective mesolimbic circuits may contribute to the development of behavioral dependence with repeated exposure.

show abstract

“…For all but two rats, 2-5 weeks of self-administration training preceded the first recording session; one rat (S96) completed less than 2 weeks, another (S138) completed more than 5 weeks. During recording sessions, if lever pressing was not initiated by the rat Recent efforts to elucidate the physiological mechanism(s) that underlies NAcc involvement in cocaine self-administration have included electrophysiological recordings from single NAcc neurons in rats self-administering cocaine (Peoples et al, 1989;West et al, 1992). Some of these studies showed rapid phasic changes in firing within 20-120 set of the reinforced lever press (Chang et al,, 1990;Carelli et al, 1993;Peoples et al, 1994;Chang et al, 1994;Carelli and Deadwyler, 1994) (for related findings, see I-Ienriksen et al, 1992;Aigner et al, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phasic Firing of Single Neurons in the Rat Nucleus Accumbens Correlated with the Timing of Intravenous Cocaine Self-Administration

1996

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To examine potential neural mechanisms involved in cocaine self-administration, the activity of single neurons in the nucleus accumbens of rats was recorded during intravenous cocaine self-administration. Lever pressing was reinforced according to a fixed-ratio 1 schedule. On a time base comparable to the interinfusion interval, half the neurons exhibited phasic firing patterns time locked to the cocaine reinforced level press. For almost all neurons, this pattern consisted of a change in firing rate postpress, typically a decrease, followed by a reversal of that change. The postpress change was closely related to the lever press. Typically, it began within the first 0.2 min postpress and culminated within the first 1.0 min postpress. For a small portion of responsive neurons, the reversal of the postpress change was punctate and occurred within 1-3 min of either the last lever press or the next lever press so that firing was stable during much of the interinfusion interval. For the majority of neurons, the reversal was progressive; it began within 2 min after the previous level press, and it was not complete until the last 0.1-2.0 min before the next lever press. The duration of this progressive reversal, but not of the postpress change, was positively correlated with the interinfusion interval. Thus, in addition to exhibiting changes in firing related to the occurrence of self-infusion, the majority of neurons also exhibited progressive changes in firing related to the spacing of infusions. In a structure that has been shown to be necessary for cocaine self-administration, such a firing pattern is a likely neurophysiological component of the mechanism that transduces declining drug levels into increased drug-related appetitive behavior. It is, thus, a neural mechanism that may contribute to compulsive drug-maintained drug taking.

show abstract

Psychomotor Stimulant Effects on Single Neurons in Awake, Behaving Rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Phasic Firing Time Locked to Cocaine Self-Infusion and Locomotion: Dissociable Firing Patterns of Single Nucleus Accumbens Neurons in the Rat

Phasic Firing Time Locked to Cocaine Self-Infusion and Locomotion: Dissociable Firing Patterns of Single Nucleus Accumbens Neurons in the Rat

Gradual tolerance of metabolic activity is produced in mesolimbic regions by chronic cocaine treatment, while subsequent cocaine challenge activates extrapyramidal regions of rat brain

Phasic Firing of Single Neurons in the Rat Nucleus Accumbens Correlated with the Timing of Intravenous Cocaine Self-Administration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About