Psychometric validation of the Korean versions of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and Vaccination Attitudes Examination Scale

Kim, J.C.; Han, Kihye; Chung, Sophia Jihey; Kim, C.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.046

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The participants' attitudes toward general vaccination were assessed by the Korean version of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale (Martin & Petrie, 2017). The Korean‐VAX was developed in accordance with the WHO guidelines for the process of translation and adaptation of instruments (Kim et al, 2023). The validity of the scale, internal consistency, and stability were confirmed, and the model fit was good in the validity test (Kim et al, 2023).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Korean‐VAX was developed in accordance with the WHO guidelines for the process of translation and adaptation of instruments (Kim et al, 2023). The validity of the scale, internal consistency, and stability were confirmed, and the model fit was good in the validity test (Kim et al, 2023). The VAX scale (Martin & Petrie, 2017) consists of 12 items and four dimensions (mistrust of vaccine benefits, worries over unforeseen future effects, concerns about commercial profiteering, and preference for natural immunity).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with COVID‐19 vaccination hesitancy in South Korea: A cross‐sectional study

Chung

Han

Kim

et al. 2023

Nursing & Health Sciences

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Vaccination against COVID‐19 has been promoted as a way to protect oneself and others from infection. To ensure the comprehensive acceptance of COVID‐19 vaccines, the factors that affect COVID‐19 vaccination hesitancy should be examined. This study aimed to identify the factors that affect COVID‐19 vaccination hesitancy among Korean adults, focusing on COVID‐19 knowledge and attitudes toward vaccination. This was a cross‐sectional study conducted with 2286 Korean adults aged 20–64 years. Demographic characteristics, knowledge regarding COVID‐19, and attitudes toward vaccination were assessed. A generalized linear model with Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with COVID‐19 vaccination hesitancy. Approximately 67% of the COVID‐19 knowledge‐related questions were correctly answered. A neutral attitude toward vaccination and relatively low vaccination hesitancy were found. COVID‐19 vaccination hesitancy was affected by individuals' attitudes toward vaccination, as well as their gender and age, but not by their knowledge. Interventions or policies considering gender and age could be helpful in reducing COVID‐19 vaccination hesitancy. Strategies to disseminate more accurate and novel information related to the COVID‐19 vaccines should be implemented.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with COVID‐19 vaccination hesitancy in South Korea: A cross‐sectional study

Chung

Han

Kim

et al. 2023

Nursing & Health Sciences

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“…These crises can be triggered by various factors, including infectious disease outbreaks, natural disasters, or unforeseen events. During such crises, the public’s stance on vaccination assumes a pivotal role in the management and control of diseases 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the adjusted VAX assessed acceptance attitudes and influencing factors during COVID-19, the focus was primarily on vaccine safety, neglecting individuals’ risk perception of the crisis event itself. When personal safety is not directly threatened, people tend to prioritize risk avoidance over vaccine acceptance 1 . Therefore, integrating risk perception factors into the scale is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A psychometric assessment of a novel scale for evaluating vaccination attitudes amidst a major public health crisis

Cheng,

Kong,

Xie

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Despite abundant scientific evidence supporting immunization benefits, vaccine hesitancy remains a significant global health concern, particularly during public health crises. Exploring public attitudes towards vaccination is crucial. This study aimed to develop and validate a tailored Public Vaccination Attitudes Scale specifically under the unique circumstances of a public health crisis. A psychometric evaluation was conducted using a cross-sectional study during the peak of a major public health crisis. The scale was developed and its psychometric properties validated using three approaches: (1) generating the item pool through literature research and focus group discussions; (2) assessing the items through expert consultation; and (3) evaluating construct validity, content validity, and internal consistency reliability through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data from a total of 3921 respondents were randomly divided into two subsets, one for EFA (n = 1935) and the other for CFA (n = 1986). A 22-item draft scale with five factors was created after literature research and focus group discussion. The content validity of this scale ranged between 0.88 and 1.00. EFA showed a 17-item scale with four factors (Cronbach’s α > 0.7) accounting for 68.044% of the total variance. CFA showed that the values of the fit indices, including convergent validity and discriminant validity, were excellent or acceptable. The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.874, and each factor ranged from 0.726 to 0.885. This study introduces a valuable tool for assessing vaccination attitudes during public health crises, aiding researchers, policymakers, and nurses in combating vaccine hesitancy. Emphasizing the importance of fostering vaccine acceptance, it enhances disease control during emergencies, contributing to the knowledge needed for more effective public health strategies and crisis responses

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“…However, despite the widespread use of the VAX, evidence for its structural, convergent, and discriminant validity is still limited. To date, the scale has been translated into several languages, and validation studies have been published using samples from Spain [ 19 , 20 ], Italy [ 21 , 22 ], Colombia [ 23 ], Turkey [ 24 ], Romania [ 25 ], the UK [ 26 ], South Korea [ 27 ], and France [ 28 ]. All these studies applied a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the factor structure of the VAX and reported support for the scale’s original four-factor structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale: a Bifactor-ESEM approach in a youth sample (15–24 years)

Jovanović,

Lazić

2023

BMC Psychol

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Background The Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale is a widely used scale designed to measure general attitudes toward vaccinations. However, evidence for the VAX’s structural, convergent, and discriminant validity is still limited, especially in youth samples. Methods The present study examined the psychometric multidimensionality and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity of the VAX using the bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling approach (bifactor-ESEM). Using a sample of 803 Serbian adolescents and young adults (Mage = 18.23, SDage = 2.66, age range = 15–24 years, 59.2% female), we contrasted the original four-factor model of the VAX with alternative solutions (ESEM, bifactor-CFA, and bifactor-ESEM), and investigated associations between vaccination attitudes and a variety of external criteria. Results The results supported the bifactor-ESEM solution with one general factor of vaccination attitudes and four specific factors (Mistrust of vaccine benefit, Worries about unforeseen future effects, Concerns about commercial profiteering, and Preference for natural immunity) as the best representation of the data. The general factor was well-defined, and three specific factors showed good validity and specificity after the general factor was taken into account. The results of convergent validity analyses showed that the general factor of vaccine attitudes and one specific factor (Mistrust of vaccine benefit) were good predictors of vaccine conspiracy beliefs, attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19, and trust in healthcare. The remaining three specific factors’ contributions to external criteria were generally weak and nonsignificant. Evidence of the discriminant validity of the VAX scores was supported by weak positive associations of the general factor with medical fears and paranoid worry. Conclusions The present findings indicate that distinguishing general and specific components of vaccination attitudes offers a more nuanced assessment and understanding of vaccination attitudes.

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Psychometric validation of the Korean versions of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and Vaccination Attitudes Examination Scale

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Factors associated with COVID‐19 vaccination hesitancy in South Korea: A cross‐sectional study

Factors associated with COVID‐19 vaccination hesitancy in South Korea: A cross‐sectional study

A psychometric assessment of a novel scale for evaluating vaccination attitudes amidst a major public health crisis

Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale: a Bifactor-ESEM approach in a youth sample (15–24 years)

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