Psychometric Properties of Turkish Adolescent Time Inventory-Time Attitude (ATI-TA) Scores

Abstract

The Adolescent Time Inventory (ATI; Mello & Worrell, 2007 ) is a relatively new measure developed to assess several aspects of time perspective (e.g., time orientation, time attitudes). Time attitudes, one aspect of time perspective, refer to positive and negative feelings about the past, present, and future. In the current 2-sample paper, we examined the internal consistency, structural validity, and convergent validity of scores on the time attitude subscales (TA) of the Turkish ATI ( Mello, Worrell, Şahin-Baltaci, & Tagay, 2015 ). Results from Sample 1 ( N = 244) indicated that scores on 5 of the 6 Turkish ATI-TA subscales—Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Positive, Present Negative, and Future Positive—were internally consistent, and confirmatory factor analyses provided strong support for the structural validity of a 5-factor model as well as the hypothesized 6-factor model, even though internal consistency estimates for Future Negative scores (the sixth factor) were unacceptably low. Results from Sample 2 ( N = 350) provided additional internal consistency and structural validity evidence for scores on the 5-factor model and also provided evidence of convergent validity with self-esteem, well-being, and optimism. Analyses also indicated that scores on the 2 past and 2 present subscales demonstrated configural, metric, and scalar invariance across samples, whereas the Future Positive scores only demonstrated metric invariance. We concluded that these 5 subscales can be used with Turkish adolescents and that the Future Negative subscale needs to be revised and validated in this national context.

Measuring time attitudes in Slovenia: Psychometric proprieties of the Adolescent and Adult Time Attitude Scale (AATI-TA)

“…We hypothesized that (a) AATI-TA Slovenian scores would be internally consistent with estimates of .70 or higher and (b) that the six-factor model supported in other national contexts (e.g., Alansari et al, 2013;Buhl & Lindner, 2009;Chisima et al, 2016;McKay et al, 2015;Şahin-Baltaci et al, 2017;Worrell et al, 2013) would yield the best fit to the data with fit indices in the acceptable range or higher. With regard to concurrent validity, we hypothesized that positive time attitude subscales would have statistically and practically significant positive correlations with the Positivity Scale and that negative subscales would have statistically and practically significant negative correlations with the Positivity Scale (Caprara et al, 2012).…”

“…The six-factor theoretical structure has been supported on the basis of confirmatory factor analyses using both maximum-likelihood and weighted least squares estimation in the 11 countries in which it has been examined (Chisima et al, 2016;McKay et al, 2015;Şahin-Baltaci et al, 2017;Worrell et al, 2015), despite the reliability issues with Future Negative scores. Additionally, scores on the AATIEnglish show scalar invariance across gender (Worrell, McKay, & Andretta, 2017), configural invariance across a three-year time period in early adolescence , configural invariance across early, middle, and older adulthood , and scalar invariance for five of the six subscales (excluding Future Negative) across early and middle adulthood .…”

“…Reliability estimates for Future Negative scores have been the most variable. Although reliability estimates for these scores have been > .70 in many countries , they have been in the .60 range in the United Kingdom (α = .61, McKay et al, 2015), Nigeria (α = .64, Finan et al, 2012), and Peru (α = .62, Worrell et al, 2015), and have been below .50 in Albania (α = .39, ω = .60), Italy (α = .43, ω = .62), and Turkey (α = .53, ω = .53, Şahin-Baltaci et al, 2017;Worrell et al, 2015).…”

“…Alpha and omega reliability estimates for scores on the past and present subscales have ranged from .72 to .95 across 13 countries (Chisima et al, 2016;McKay et al, 2015;Şahin-Baltaci et al, 2017;Worrell, Mello, & International Collaborators, 2015). Future Positive scores have generally been in the same range, except for Iran (Farsi; α = .64, ω = .65) and Albania (Albanian; α = .61, ω = .68; .…”

The validity and reliability of the Turkish brief version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory for adolescents

“…In line with the tenets of TP studies, a number of studies have been undertaken to modify or adapt an instrument for measuring TP in Turkish culture that is consistent across cultures. For instance, Sahin et al (32) examined the internal consistency, structural validity, and convergent validity of Turkish Adolescent Time Inventory-Time Attitude scores. The authors concluded that 5 subscales (Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Positive, Present Negative, and Future Positive) can be used with Turkish adolescents and that the Future Negative subscale needs to be revised and validated in this national context because of internal consistency estimates for Future Negative scores.…”