Psychometric properties of the Russian version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS)

Abstract

Insufficient sleep could severely impair both cognitive and learning skills. More prominent changes are found in children and adolescents. Tools used to estimate sleepiness in the adult population are commonly inappropriate for children. The objective of our study was to provide a reliable instrument to measure excessive sleepiness for upcoming studies in Russian-speaking children, applying the Russian version of Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). The following tasks were resolved in our study: translation, validation, and analysis of psychometric properties of the Russian adaptation of the PDSS by standard tests. After the semantic validation of the instrument through a multi-stage translation process we checked its psychometric validation. A total of 552 students, consisting of N = 285 for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), N = 267 for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and N = 204 for test-retest analysis of public elementary schools located in Northern Russia completed the PDSS and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire to estimate sleep parameters in the classroom during the lessons. Response rate was 90%; excluded cases contained no data. Further, 204 of our participants completed the PDSS in a 3 months interval to check the test-retest reliability. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficients and CFA was used to test factorial validity of the tool. Concurrent validity and test-retest reliability were assessed via intra-class coefficient. Internal consistency of the PDSS scale was high (Cronbach's α = 0.8). The construct validity of the PDSS was supported by CFA (factor loadings were from 0.438 to 0.727) and the test-retest reliability demonstrated by the intra-class coefficient was 0.70. The total PDSS score was independent of sex. The mean total value of PDSS was 11.95 ± 6.24. Higher scores on PDSS were negatively correlated with sleep duration. Thus, the construct validity of the instrument remains valid and could be used for Russian-speaking youth samples in the evaluation of daytime sleepiness. It could be useful in future applications by sleep scientists and health practitioners.

A Longitudinal Study of Subjective Daytime Sleepiness Changes in Elementary School Children Following a Temporary School Closure Due to COVID-19

“…Before discussing these findings further, it is important to address the issue of whether the PDSS score is a valid reflection of daytime sleepiness in elementary school children. The validity of this measure has been confirmed in middle school children aged 11–15 years [ 2 ], and it is known to be a suitable tool for evaluating child sleepiness [ 3 , 19 , 20 ]. Although the PDSS has not been specifically validated in samples younger than 11 years of age, there is no reason to question its ability to detect sleepiness in children of school age (>5 years), provided that the individual has sufficient reading skills [ 2 ].…”

Social Jetlag and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness from a Sample of Russian Children and Adolescents

“…All participants and their parents were informed about the aims of the study prior to enrollment, and written informed consent was obtained from the parent or legal guardian before being administered the survey. A validated Russian version of the PDSS, 27 and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), 31 were distributed to the participants in paper form. Monthly family income evaluation was done according to Russian Household Income Report.…”

“…The Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) is an 8-item questionnaire that assesses EDS in school children and adolescents; the questionnaire was translated into Russian. 27 These authors established the reliability and validity of the scale by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and Cronbach’s alpha, as well as by test–retest reliability. The 5-point Likert scale ranges from 0 (never) to 4 (always).…”

Validation of the Arabic Version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale among the Yemeni Medical Students

“…On the other hand, the ESS has been described as a unidimensional 8-scale by its developer [35] and other authors from different settings [8,17,18]. Few studies reported extracting two factors though, such as a study that assessed an Arabic ESS version among students in Sudan [15] and an Iranian version that was tested among patients with sleep disorders [37].…”

“…The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), a subjective assessment tool, was first developed in 1990 [2] and modified in 1997 to assess EDS among adults [3]. Since then, the scale has been used in general [4] and clinical populations [5,6] and was effectively adapted to children and adolescents [7,8].…”