Psychometric Properties of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale Compared to Self Assessment of Pain in Elderly Patients

Mosele, Marco; Inelmen, Eminè Meral; Toffanello, Elena Debora; Girardi, A; Coin, Alessandra; Sergi, Giuseppe; Manzato, Enzo

doi:10.1159/000341582

Cited by 56 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, it may not always be appropriate to use a NRS scale in a specific setting or for a specific clinical trial. In particular, NRSs may be less useful than VRSs in research in patients who are elderly or otherwise are at risk for cognitive deficits [37, 38]; VASs are even less appropriate for these populations [5, 39, 40]. For these populations, the viable alternative measures are FACES pain rating scales or VRSs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Determines Whether a Pain is Rated as Mild, Moderate, or Severe? The Importance of Pain Beliefs and Pain Interference

Jensen

Tomé‐Pires

Vega

et al. 2017

The Clinical Journal of Pain

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Reliable and valid measures of pain intensity are needed to accurately evaluate the efficacy of pain treatments. Perhaps with the exception of FACES pain intensity scales, which are thought to reflect both pain intensity and pain affect, the other most commonly used pain intensity scales – Numerical Rating Scales (NRSs), Visual Analogue Scales, and Verbal Rating Scales (VRSs) – are all thought to reflect primarily pain intensity or the magnitude of felt pain. However, to our knowledge, this assumption has not been directly tested for VRSs. Here we evaluated whether VRS pain severity ratings are influenced by pain beliefs, catastrophizing, or pain interference over and above any effects of pain intensity, as measured by a NRS, in four samples of individuals with physical disabilities and chronic pain. As hypothesized, and while controlling for pain intensity as measured by a NRS, higher scores on factors representing pain interference with function, pain catastrophizing, and a number of pain-related beliefs were all associated with a tendency for the study participants to rate their pain as more severe on a VRS. These findings indicate VRSs of pain severity cannot necessarily be assumed to measure only pain intensity; they may also reflect patient perceptions about pain interference and beliefs about their pain. Clinicians and researchers should take these findings into account when selecting measures and when interpreting the results of studies using VRSs as outcome measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Determines Whether a Pain is Rated as Mild, Moderate, or Severe? The Importance of Pain Beliefs and Pain Interference

Jensen

Tomé‐Pires

Vega

et al. 2017

The Clinical Journal of Pain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, a numeric (verbal) rating scale score of 2 of 10 would likely indicate using a nonpharmacological technique such as repositioning or administration of a nonnarcotic analgesic agent (e.g., acetaminophen [Tylenol ® ]). Nevertheless, Mosele et al (2012) assert that the PAINAD scale can be used as a valid proxy for pain intensity.…”

Section: Pain Assessment In Adults With Limited Ability To Communicatementioning

confidence: 99%

Pain Assessment in Hospitalized Older Adults With Dementia and Delirium

Paulson¹,

Monroe²,

Mion³

2014

J Gerontol Nurs

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Pain can have negative effects leading to prolonged hospital stays. Determining the presence of uncontrolled and untreated pain in patients with cognitive impairments such as delirium, dementia, and delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD) is challenging. One tool commonly suggested for use in assessment of pain in older adults with cognitive impairment is the Pain Assessment In Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale. Proper use of the PAINAD scale as part of a comprehensive pain management plan can help reduce the likelihood of a patient experiencing unrecognized and untreated pain. Using an individual example, this article illustrates best practices in pain assessment and management for a woman experiencing DSD during an acute hospitalization.

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“…PAINAD scores decreased following administration of analgesics and changes with potentially painful activity [324, 336]. Good construct validity with CNPI, APS, NOPPAIN, and PACSLAC at rest and during exercise ( r = 0.56–0.90) [324, 327]High inter-rater reliability ( r = 0.80–0.97) and test-retest reliability ( r = 0.90) [228, 342, 343]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low back pain in older adults: risk factors, management options and future directions

2017

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Low back pain (LBP) is one of the major disabling health conditions among older adults aged 60 years or older. While most causes of LBP among older adults are non-specific and self-limiting, seniors are prone to develop certain LBP pathologies and/or chronic LBP given their age-related physical and psychosocial changes. Unfortunately, no review has previously summarized/discussed various factors that may affect the effective LBP management among older adults. Accordingly, the objectives of the current narrative review were to comprehensively summarize common causes and risk factors (modifiable and non-modifiable) of developing severe/chronic LBP in older adults, to highlight specific issues in assessing and treating seniors with LBP, and to discuss future research directions. Existing evidence suggests that prevalence rates of severe and chronic LBP increase with older age. As compared to working-age adults, older adults are more likely to develop certain LBP pathologies (e.g., osteoporotic vertebral fractures, tumors, spinal infection, and lumbar spinal stenosis). Importantly, various age-related physical, psychological, and mental changes (e.g., spinal degeneration, comorbidities, physical inactivity, age-related changes in central pain processing, and dementia), as well as multiple risk factors (e.g., genetic, gender, and ethnicity), may affect the prognosis and management of LBP in older adults. Collectively, by understanding the impacts of various factors on the assessment and treatment of older adults with LBP, both clinicians and researchers can work toward the direction of more cost-effective and personalized LBP management for older people.

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Psychometric Properties of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale Compared to Self Assessment of Pain in Elderly Patients

Cited by 56 publications

References 38 publications

What Determines Whether a Pain is Rated as Mild, Moderate, or Severe? The Importance of Pain Beliefs and Pain Interference

What Determines Whether a Pain is Rated as Mild, Moderate, or Severe? The Importance of Pain Beliefs and Pain Interference

Pain Assessment in Hospitalized Older Adults With Dementia and Delirium

Low back pain in older adults: risk factors, management options and future directions

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