Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Temperance Scale in Adolescents

Abstract

Recent research has shown the relevance of measuring the virtue of temperance. The present study tested a multidimensional and second-order structure scale to assess temperance using a sub-scale of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth (VIA-Youth). Scale properties were tested using data from a sample of 860 adolescents aged from 12 to 18 years old (M = 14.28 years, SD = 1.65). The sample was randomly split into two subsamples for model cross-validation. Using the first sample, we assessed scale dimensionality, measurement invariance, and discriminant and concurrent validity. A second sample was used for model cross-validation. Confirmatory factorial analysis confirmed the fit of one second-order factor temperance virtue model, with the dimensions of forgiveness, modesty, prudence, and self-control. The results indicate scale measurement equivalence across gender and stage of adolescence (early vs. middle). Latent means difference tests showed significant differences in forgiveness, modesty, and self-regulation by gender, and modesty according to adolescence stage. Moreover, the scale showed discriminant and concurrent validity. These findings indicate that this scale is helpful for assessing temperance in adolescents and suggest the value of temperance as a multidimensional and second-order construct.

Relationships between Spirituality, Happiness, and Prosocial Bystander Behavior in Bullying—The Mediating Role of Altruism

“…Further investigations on bullying should focus on positive factors in adolescents, such as character strengths, to better understand how these variables can promote prosocial bystander behavior in bullying situations. It would be relevant to explore the role of virtues; for example, temperance [ 88 ] has proven to be valuable in studying different types of aggression, so it could also help to understand the adoption of prosocial roles in bystanders. In addition, exploring positive psychology variables, such as gratitude, forgiveness, courage, or optimism, could be fruitful in studying these behaviors.…”