Psychometric properties of the Eating Attitude Test-26 for female Iranian students

Ahmadi, Sima; Moloodi, Reza; Zarbaksh, Mohmmad-Reza; Ghaderi, Ata

doi:10.1007/s40519-014-0106-7

Cited by 29 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, different versions of the EAT exist in the literature: comprising three factors [6][7][8], four factors [9][10][11], five factors [12,13] or seven factors [14]. Second, researchers often encounter items that do not load on any factor [7,8], items that cross-load on other scales [13], or items that weave between scales [10].…”

Section: Eat-26 Structure/eat-26 Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the same three items ('Feel that others would prefer if I ate more', 'Other people think that I am too thin', and 'Feel that others pressure me to eat') are commonly grouped into factors labeled 'Perceived social pressure to eat' [12,14], 'Others' perceptions' [13], 'Important others' [7], or simply 'Social pressure' [6,9]. Second, some items ('Aware of the calorie content of foods that I eat', 'Particularly avoid food with a high carbohydrate content', 'Avoid foods with sugar in them', and 'Eat diet foods') are either grouped into an independent factor labeled 'Awareness of food content' [10,11] or are part of the 'Dieting factor' [6,7,9,13].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the EAT-26 in a non-clinical sample

Rogoza¹,

Brytek-Matera²,

Garner³

2016

Arch Psych Psych

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SummaryThe Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) is one of the most commonly used measures of abnormal eating habits; however, it has been criticized for its unstable factorial structure. Different studies proposed different solutions, but as yet there is no consensus whether the three-, five-or seven-factor solution is appropriate. We examined the cues provided by previous studies that investigated the EAT structure, and tested our expectations on a nonclinical group of 617 women. Based on bi-factor confirmatory factor analysis, we demonstrated that the EAT measures general eating pathology as well as more specific factors, such as 'Social pressure', 'Food awareness', 'Food preoccupation' and 'Purging behaviors'. Among distinguished specific factors, 'Social pressure' seems to be a promising scale to be used for screening purposes. The 'Food awareness' factor could be interpreted in terms of orthorexia nervosa; however, further evidence is required to support this conclusion. We also provided evidence that 'Bulimia' and 'Food preoccupation' factors should be maintained within the EAT-26 as important behavioral aspects of eating pathology. These results shed new light on this measure and provide the basis for a discussion of its psychometric issues. EAT-26 structure/EAT-26 assessmentIt is well known that eating disorders (EDs) are prevalent and constitute significant health problems among young women [1]. There is evidence that effective eating disorder treatment does exist; however, findings from community studies indicate that only a minority of patients are in treatment [2]. This is a factor leading researchers to employ various screening strategies in order to estimate the prevalence of eating disorders as well as to detect cases for the purpose of earlier interventions [3]. One of the most widely used screening measures for eating disorders is the abbreviated version of the Eating Attitudes Test - . Three factors were distinguished: dieting, bulimia and food preoccupation, and oral control. Following the development of the EAT-26, screening studies of abnormal eating habits have proliferated [5], and this has raised questions regarding its psychometric properties.Although many studies of the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 exist, researchers have not been able to reach an agreement concerning its factor structure. Therefore, different versions of the EAT exist in the literature: comprising three factors [6][7][8], four factors [9][10][11], five factors [12,13] or seven factors [14]. Second, researchers often encounter items that do not load on any factor [7,8], items that cross-load on other scales [13], or items that weave between scales [10]. Third, the intercorrelations between distinguished factors are extremely high [11], which could be interpreted in terms of a general abnormal eating habits factor whose reliability estimates have been reported in numerous studies [15]. Failure in replication of the factor structure may be the result of sample selection, since the EAT was originally developed on a clinica...

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Section: Eat-26 Structure/eat-26 Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the EAT-26 in a non-clinical sample

Rogoza¹,

Brytek-Matera²,

Garner³

2016

Arch Psych Psych

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“…In this 26-item questionnaire, the minimum and maximum scores are equal to 0 and 78, respectively. A score above 20 stands for the probability of being affected by FEDs [25]. In my study, the Cronbach's alpha coe cients for the EAT-26 subscales were as follows: drive for thinness = 0.90, restrained eating = 0.77, perceived social pressure to eat = 0.87, food preoccupation and oral control = 0.75 and bulimia = 0.71.…”

Section: Eat-26mentioning

confidence: 70%

Eating disorders among patients with borderline personality disorder: understanding the prevalence and psychopathology

Khosravi¹

2020

Preprint

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Background: Treatment protocols can be bolstered and etiological and maintenance factors can be recognized more easily by a superior understanding of emotions and emotion regulation in the comorbidity of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and feeding and eating disorders (FEDs). Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the prevalence and psychopathology of FEDs in patients with BPD.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 220 participants were examined in three groups, namely BPD (n = 38), BPD + FEDs (n = 72), and the healthy control (n = 110), from August 2018 to November 2019. The participants were selected by systematic random sampling among the patients who referred to Baharan psychiatric hospital in Zahedan, Iran, with the sampling interval of 3. The subjects were evaluated by 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders (SCID-5-PD), Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-5: Research Version (SCID-5-RV), the 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Results: The results showed a 65.4% (n = 72) prevalence of FEDs in patients with BPD. Also, the highest and lowest prevalence rates were reported for other specified feeding and eating disorders (51.3%) and bulimia nervosa (6.9%), respectively. Although the highest mean score of TAS-20 was related to anorexia nervosa, there was no significant difference between the scores of various types of FEDs. The mediation analysis showed that anxiety and depression would play a mediating role in the relationship between alexithymia and eating-disordered behaviors. Conclusions: The results have suggested that alexithymia, anxiety, and depression should receive clinical attention as potential therapeutic targets in the comorbidity of BPD and FEDs. The clinical implications of the research have been conducted to date, and directions for future research have been discussed.

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“…For the item 26, the scale ranged from 1 (sometimes) to 3 (never). Empirical evidence supported the reliability and validity of the scale Eating Attitude Test-26 (Rivas et al, 2010;Al-Subaie et al, 1996;Ahmadi et al, 2014;Pope et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Effectiveness of a Group-based Therapeutic Programme for Obese Women Who Need to Improve Eating Attitude and Enhancin

Wen

Jia

2017

Neuroquantology

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This study evaluated a group-based therapeutic programme to obese women who need to improve eating attitude and enhancing self-esteem. The therapeutic programme was conducted in a university-affiliated therapeutic diet centre in China. The sample of 30 women with overweight (BMI 25-35) was randomly assigned between BGBT group (n =20) and control group (n =18). We used an experimental 2 (experimental-control) × 2 (pretest-posttest) design, with follow-up. Measures involved: Initial Interview; Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale; Eating Attitude Test-26; and Emotion and Feelings State Questionnaire. In the intervention group, we observed an increase in overall selfesteem, personal value, slimming, oral inhibition and perceived control of emotions and feelings and a decrease in overeating. Therefore, we observed data significant improvement in positive interaction from the intervention group obese women at after the programme, compared with the control group. The results also show that a groupbased therapeutic programme can protect women with overweight from an increase in perceived feedback and behaviors of sickly eating.

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Psychometric properties of the Eating Attitude Test-26 for female Iranian students

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Analysis of the EAT-26 in a non-clinical sample

Analysis of the EAT-26 in a non-clinical sample

Eating disorders among patients with borderline personality disorder: understanding the prevalence and psychopathology

The Effectiveness of a Group-based Therapeutic Programme for Obese Women Who Need to Improve Eating Attitude and Enhancin

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