Psychometric properties of the Chinese Metaparenting Profile Questionnaire Short-form

A study on meta-parenting: Yemeni parental cognition

“…Parents completed a form to provide basic relative and demographic details, such as age, educational qualification, and marital status (married or in an informal relationship). Psychometric properties of the Chinese Meta-parenting Profile Questionnaire Short-form (MPPQ-S) ( Wong &Kam, 2019 ) were used and were categorized into Never/Rarely (1); Sometimes (2); Usually (3); Often (4); Constantly (5) based on Hawk and Holden (2006) when the version by Wong and Kam (2019) is used. The present study reproduced this tool creation process with the authors' consent.…”

“…In contrast, deliberate parental cognition is event-dependent and compels more effortful thoughts. For example, parents think more deliberately about how to solve the problem with their children ( Wong &Kam, 2019 ). Parents' deliberate and critical reflections on their parenting with the child are referred to as meta-parenting ( Tamm et al., 2012 ).…”

“…This study aimed to extend Hawk and Holden's (2006) and Wong and Kam's (2019) findings regarding mothers' meta-parenting cognitions by including fathers' cognitions and non-meta parenting (ruminating) as well. Undoubtedly, the studies, as mentioned earlier, incorporated an excellent review of meta-parenting outlining potential predictors and outcomes; however, Hawk and Holden's (2006) and Wong &Kam's (2019) work did not posit their concepts from a larger social-cognitive theory perspective. The researchers, thus, selected the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) ( Bandura, 1999 ) in the view that it addresses multiple sources of influence on individuals and could be the potential predictors of meta-parenting.…”

“…Children who grow up in a highly critical environment have poor self-esteem and a heightened sense of powerlessness, which encourages the formation of a negative self-schema ( Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991 ; Smets et al., 2012 ; Tamm et al., 2012 ). Meta-parenting filled with ruminating can be a dysfunctional form of parental awareness ( Wong &Kam, 2019 ).…”

Meta-Parenting, a New Concept in the India Context

“…Meta-Parenting which happens to be a parental cognition belonging to "deliberate" category of parental cognition, indicating that parents deliberately evaluate their thoughts regarding their parenting and children [6], [8]. These thoughts usually take place before or after the parent-child interaction, point towards higher level of awareness on childrearing practices [3]. This thinking brings about a change in parental thinking and behaviour, which in turn brings a change in parent-child interaction.…”