Psychometric Properties of Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24) in the Lithuanian Population

Abstract

This study aimed to explore psychometric properties of satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) and psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ-24) in the Lithuanian representative sample (n = 2003, M = 50.67, SD = 17.46). It was significant to validate instruments concerning the fact that Lithuanians’ life satisfaction surveys demonstrated divergent results depending on the assessment tools they used. This study applied the SWLS, created by Diener et al. (1985), and the PCQ-24, created by Luthans et al. (2007). The findings demonstrated the internal consistency of the SWLS instrument, evidencing it as an adequate measure to evaluate satisfaction with life (α = 0.893; TLI = 0.988; NFI = 0.997; RMSEA = 0.059 [0.033–0.088]; CFI = 0.998; SRMR = 0.0077; AVE = 0.764; CR = 0.886). The Lith-PCQ-21 analysis demonstrated the internal consistency of the instrument (α = 0.957) and good fit of the factorial structure (χ2 = 2305.383; DF = 185; TLI = 0.915; NFI = 0.920; RMSEA = 0.077 [0.075–0.080]; CFI = 0.925; SRMR = 0.0450; AVE = 0.814; CR = 0.946), evidencing the instrument as an adequate measure to evaluate psychological capital. This research confirmed that both instruments (SWLS and Lith-PCQ-21) not only have an acceptable validity, including construct validity, but they are also interrelated (χ2 = 3088.762; DF = 294; TLI = 0.913; NFI = 0.914; RMSEA = 0.070 [0.068–0.073]; CFI = 0.922; SRMR = 0.0469), and can be considered appropriate for monitoring life satisfaction and psychological capital of the Lithuanian population.

Is retirement associated to greater life satisfaction? Cross-sectional findings from ELSA-Brasil

“…Unlike other measures based on a single item and a limited period of time or specific domain 39,40 , the Satisfaction With Life Scale is a short instrument that assesses an overall judgment of life satisfaction 40 . Furthermore, this scale has been used worldwide in different cultures and has shown internal and test-retest reliability, as well as good psychometric properties across several populations 40,41,42,43,44 . This study also presents other strengths, such as a large sample and the inclusion of a great number of potential confounders considered in the analysis, since retirement and life satisfaction have multiple and complex determining factors, and many are common or shared 45 .…”

Positive Organizational Practices, Life Satisfaction, and Psychological Capital in the Public and Private Sectors

“…Fourth, previous studies have reported interesting sociodemographic correlates of life satisfaction, psychological capital, and positive organizational practices. Namely, some studies indicated a significant effect of gender and age on life satisfaction [144,145], some significant effect of gender on psychological capital [146][147][148], and just some significant effect of age on psychological capital [149]. However, the role of age and gender on positive organizational practices has not been fully explored, even though previous research provided some results on the effects of age on positive organizational practices [21].…”

“…This study used three instruments: the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), developed by E. Diener [28], the Psychological Capital Questionnaire-PCQ-24, developed by F. Luthans, and validated in the Lithuanian population (the Lith-PCQ-21) [145], and the Positive Organizational Practices questionnaire, developed by K. Cameron [24]. The instruments were translated into Lithuanian and back translated.…”

“…We applied the Lith-PCQ-21 scale [145] to assess respondents' positive psychological capital. As mentioned above, Psychological Capital or PsyCap is a higher-order construct consisting of four subscales: hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism.…”

Measurement Invariance and Construct Validity of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) in Community Volunteers in Vietnam

“…In relation to dimensionality of the SWLS, Clench-Aas et al [ 23 ] argued that many studies have supported a unidimensional model with the proof that traditional exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated that a single latent factor accounted for a majority of the variance in life satisfaction scores when in fact, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) should have been the preferred analytic tool in view of the fact that there is a well-founded hypothesis and expectation about dimensionality [ 1 ]. Studies in which CFA was used found proof of a one-dimensional model, which clearly suggested that the same weight matrix (scoring key) employed in the country in which the SWLS originated (USA) could be transported to the new national group, for example, to Spain [ 24 ], Germany [ 11 ], Italy [ 25 ], Lithuania [ 26 ], and Greece [ 27 ]. These results are consistent with previous EFA evidence obtained in other populations [ 2 , 3 , 23 ].…”