Psychometric Properties of a Polish Version of the Parental Stress Index III (PSI III)

Abstract

The Parenting Stress Index (PSI) has been translated into multiple languages. The aim of the present study was to develop a Polish version of the PSI III. A total sample size of 678 parents (308 parents of children with ASD, 59 parents of children with Down syndrome, 65 parents of deaf children, 34 parents of children with other developmental disorders, and 212 parents without developmental disabilities) participated in the study. The Polish version of the PSI III was characterized by: (1) good internal consistency, (2) a three-factor structure, including Parent domain, Child domain, and the children’s and parents’ difficulties in adapting to the external demands resulting from the children’s developmental disorder, and (3) negative correlations between parental stress and parental well-being. Implications for the research and clinical practice are discussed.

Validation of the Polish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA)

“…Indeed, a number of studies demonstrate that being a parent is associated with positive emotions (Dix, 1991) and contributes to one's well-being (Aassve, Arpino, & Balbo, 2016;Jones & Brayfield, 1997;Stier & Kaplan, 2019). Yet, research also shows that parenting is a complex and demanding activity that can place a heavy burden on parents (Bird, 1997;Nomaguchi & Milkie, 2020) and ultimately lead to (parental) stress (Crnic et al, 2005;Deater-Deckard, 1998;Pisula & Barańczuk, 2019). Stress is, of course, an inevitable part of life, but as evidence from professional contexts has shown, prolonged exposure to excessive and/or chronic stressors, when sufficient resources to compensate for their negative effects are not available, can lead to burnout (Alarcon, 2011;Bakker, Demerouti, & Sanz-Vergel, 2014;Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner, & Schaufeli, 2000;Hu, Schaufeli, & Taris, 2017;Maslach, Schaufeli, & Leiter, 2001).…”

Self-perceived stress and the personality of mothers of children with central auditory processing disorders – Differences from mothers of typically developing children

“…The mothers of children with APD and mothers of TD children had similar self-perceived global stress levels. The stress level of parents of TD children is also comparable to that in parents of children with moderate hearing loss (Dirks et al, 2016), a situation that is not true for parents of children with disorders such as autism, ADHD, or intellectual disability (Barroso et al, 2018;Pisula & Barańczuk, 2020). Regardless of similarities in stress levels between mothers of children with APD and mothers of TD children, differences related to certain personality dimensions did emerge.…”

“…Parenthood tends to be associated with increased stress, especially when the child is chronically or seriously ill, has a disability, or shows a developmental dysfunction (Algorta et al, 2018;Barak-Levy & Atzaba-Poria, 2020;Barroso et al, 2018;Clauser et al, 2021;Pisula & Barańczuk, 2020;Singh et al, 2019). One particular neurodevelopmental disorder in children that may be a source of parental stress is central auditory processing disorder (APD).…”

Adaptation at the Family Level in Families of Individuals With Down Syndrome: A Scoping Review

“…Studies varied greatly in reporting the age of the individual with DS ( Table 5 ). Sixteen of the 41 studies included an age range ( Al Jameel et al, 2020 , AlJameel & AlKawari, 2021 ; Braga et al, 2021 ; Clark et al, 2020 ; Darla & Bhat, 2021 ; De Clercq, Prinzie, Swerts, et al, 2022 ; Duarte et al, 2022 ; Finkelstein et al, 2021 ; Gashmard et al, 2020 ; Gugliandolo et al, 2022 ; Korkow-Moradi et al, 2017 ; Marshall et al, 2019 ; McDonagh et al, 2021 ; Persons, 2017 ; Ronca et al, 2019 ; Van Riper et al, 2021 ), with 16 also including a mean age ( Caples et al, 2018 ; Carrada et al, 2019 ; Choi & Van Riper, 2020 ; De Clercq, Prinzie, Warreyn, et al, 2022 ; Easler et al, 2022 ; Hart & Neil, 2021 ; Ilacqua et al, 2019 ; Jess et al, 2021 ; A. Lee et al, 2020 ; Pisula & Banasiak, 2020 ; Pisula & Baranczuk, 2020 ; Pruktarat et al, 2021 ; Sheldon et al, 2021 ; Steffensen et al, 2022 ; Van Riper et al, 2018 ; Watanabe et al, 2021 ). Only a mean age was reported in four studies ( Cless et al, 2017 ; Esbensen et al, 2022 ; Ljubicic et al, 2020 ; Shivers et al, 2019 ).…”