Psychometric Properties of a Chatbot Version of the PHQ-9 With Adults and Older Adults

Dosovitsky, Gilly; Kim, Erick; Bunge, Eduardo L.

doi:10.3389/fdgth.2021.645805

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…About half of the participants (56%) completed the study, which is congruent with many digital intervention studies Pratap et al., 2020. However, it is lower than in previous chatbot studies with adults (Dosovitsky, Kim, & Bunge, 2021). Since recruitment was done through the parents, it is hard to make strong conclusions about participants' motives to complete the study or drop out.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Development of a chatbot for depression: adolescent perceptions and recommendations

Dosovitsky

Bunge

2022

Child Adoles Ment Health

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Background: Chatbots are a relatively new technology that has shown promising outcomes for mental health symptoms in adults; however, few studies have been done with adolescents or reported adolescent user experiences and recommendations for chatbot development. Methods: Twenty three participants ages 13-18 (M age = 14.96) engaged in user testing of a chatbot developed to psychoeducate adolescents on depression, teach behavioral activation, and change negative thoughts. Thematic analysis was conducted of participants' responses to user experience questions, impressions, and recommendations. Results: Over half (56.5%) of the sample completed the full intervention and provided user experience feedback online. The average NPS score was 6.04 (SD = 2.18), and 64.3% (n = 9) said they would use the chatbot in the future. Of all user experience responses, 54.5% were positive. The most common impressions were related to symptom improvement (61.1%) and availability (52.8%) The most frequent recommendations were related to solving technical problems (66%). Conclusions: Chatbots for mental health are acceptable to some adolescents, a population that tends to be reluctant to engage with traditional mental health services. Most participants reported positive experiences with the chatbot, believing that it could help with symptom improvement and is highly available. Adolescents highlighted some technical and stylistic problems that developers should consider. More pilot and user testing is needed to develop mental health chatbots that are appealing and relevant to adolescents. Key practitioner message• Chatbots are a relatively new technology; however, few studies have been done with adolescents.• Most adolescents perceived the chatbot positively and believed that it could help with symptom improvement and that it is highly available. • Chatbots for mental health are acceptable to some adolescents, a population that tends to be reluctant to engage with traditional mental health services.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Development of a chatbot for depression: adolescent perceptions and recommendations

Dosovitsky

Bunge

2022

Child Adoles Ment Health

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“…Participants engaged in a chatbot intervention from August 2019 to February 2020, which included assessments gathered at pre- and posttest, asynchronous engagement with the chatbot, and the opportunity to provide qualitative feedback. The results of the assessments are reported elsewhere ( 24 ) and the results of the qualitative feedback will be presented here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bonding With Bot: User Feedback on a Chatbot for Social Isolation

Dosovitsky

Bunge

2021

Front. Digit. Health

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Social isolation has affected people globally during the COVID-19 pandemic and had a major impact on older adult's well-being. Chatbot interventions may be a way to provide support to address loneliness and social isolation in older adults. The aims of the current study were to (1) understand the distribution of a chatbot's net promoter scores, (2) conduct a thematic analysis on qualitative elaborations to the net promoter scores, (3) understand the distribution of net promoter scores per theme, and (4) conduct a single word analysis to understand the frequency of words present in the qualitative feedback. A total of 7,099 adults and older adults consented to participate in a chatbot intervention on reducing social isolation and loneliness. The average net promoter score (NPS) was 8.67 out of 10. Qualitative feedback was provided by 766 (10.79%) participants which amounted to 898 total responses. Most themes were rated as positive (517), followed by neutral (311) and a minor portion as negative (70). The following five themes were found across the qualitative responses: positive outcome (277, 30.8%), user did not address question (262, 29.2%), bonding with the chatbot (240, 26.7%), negative technical aspects (70, 7.8%), and ambiguous outcome (49, 5.5%). Themes with a positive valence were found to be associated with a higher NPS. The word “help” and it's variations were found to be the most frequently used words, which is consistent with the thematic analysis. These results show that a chatbot for social isolation and loneliness was perceived positively by most participants. More specifically, users were likely to personify the chatbot (e.g., “Cause I feel like I have a new friend!”) and perceive positive personality features such as being non-judgmental, caring, and open to listen. A minor portion of the users reported dissatisfaction with chatting with a machine. Implications will be discussed.

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“…“Tess” is based on a transformative digital behavior change program and has now been improved to “Cass,” which provides personal optimized behavioral health coaching through real-time text messaging. “Cass” also connects to counselors and has proven to be an effective, affordable and secure chatbot to relieve stress, anxiety, depression and other mental health issues (Dosovitsky et al , 2021; X2AI, 2023; Cass, 2023).…”

Section: Narrative Review Of Published Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of digital mental health interventions to support people with diabetes-related psychological outcomes: a narrative review

Adeel

Kannangara

Bharaj

et al. 2023

MHSI

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Purpose Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) are promising alternatives to traditional face-to-face psychological interventions to improve psychological outcomes in various chronic health conditions. However, their efficacy among people with diabetes is yet to be established. Therefore, this narrative review aims to identify the importance and need for evidence-based research on DMHIs targeting the psychological outcomes in people with diabetes. Design/methodology/approach Using a narrative review approach, this study highlights the technological advancements in diabetes health care and identifies a need for developing DMHIs for people with diabetes. Findings DMHIs are promising for improving psychological outcomes in people with diabetes. However, there is a need for further rigorous, controlled and high-quality diabetes-focused studies, to make firm conclusions on the effectiveness and appropriateness of DMHIs for patients with diabetes. This review also suggests that DMHIs based on psychological theories and studies with higher quality methodologies are also needed. Originality/value This review highlights the contemporary literature on diabetes and related technological advancements. The findings of this study serve as a basis of the improvement of policy on digital mental health services for people with diabetes, to impact the global burden of the disease.

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Psychometric Properties of a Chatbot Version of the PHQ-9 With Adults and Older Adults

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Development of a chatbot for depression: adolescent perceptions and recommendations

Development of a chatbot for depression: adolescent perceptions and recommendations

Bonding With Bot: User Feedback on a Chatbot for Social Isolation

The importance of digital mental health interventions to support people with diabetes-related psychological outcomes: a narrative review

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