Psychometric Evaluation of the Patient Health Questionnaire–4 in Hispanic Americans

Mills, Sarah D.; Fox, Rina S.; Pan, Tonya M.; Malcarne, Vanessa L.; Roesch, Scott C.; Sadler, Georgia Robins

doi:10.1177/0739986315608126

Cited by 36 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The total PHQ-4 psychological distress score was 2.9 in Spanish speaking Hispanic people and 2.1 in English speaking Hispanic people 19 in a community-based sample; the PHQ-4 score was reported to be 3.0 in college students. 20 In our study, the total PHQ-4 psychological distress score was 3.9, relatively higher than that noted in the previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Gout management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional internet survey

Singh

Edwards

2020

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal

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Aim: We aimed to assess the gout management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We assessed medication use, healthcare utilization, gout-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on the Gout Impact Scale (GIS), psychological distress using the patient health questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), and resilience in people with self-reported physician-diagnosed gout during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional Internet survey. Results: Among the 122 survey respondents with physician-diagnosed gout, 82% were prescribed urate-lowering therapy (ULT) and 66% were taking ULT daily; mean age was 54.2 years [standard deviation (SD), 13.8], 65% were male, and 79% were White. More regular use of gout medication was reported during the COVID-19 pandemic: allopurinol, 44%; colchicine, 37%; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 36%. Gout flares were common: 63% had ⩾1 gout flare monthly; 11% went to emergency room/urgent care; and 2% were hospitalized with gout flares. Between 41% and 56% of respondents reported more difficulty with gout management and related functional status related to COVID-19; 17–37% had difficulty with healthcare access for gout. HRQOL deficits were evident for gout concern overall, 79.4 (SD, 25); unmet gout treatment need, 64.5 (SD, 27.1); and gout concern during flare, 67.3 (SD, 27.1); but less so for gout medication side effects, 48.9 (SD, 27.4). Psychological distress was moderate in 19% and severe in 15% (mild, 22%; normal, 45%). Resilience score on Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC2) was 5.6 (SD, 1.8; range 0–8). Compared with no/mild psychological distress, moderate–severe psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly associated with more difficulty getting gout medication filled ( p = 0.02), flares treated ( p = 0.005), and receiving gout education ( p = 0.001). Conclusion: Healthcare gaps, psychological distress, and HRQoL deficits were commonly reported by people with gout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions to address these challenges for people with gout during the COVID-19 pandemic are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Gout management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional internet survey

Singh

Edwards

2020

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal

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“…Our first goal was to determine the psychometric characteristics of the screening measure, including the reliability, validity, and structure factor of the PHQ-4. Similar to previous studies [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 26 ], we used CFA to determine the most appropriate model for this population. The results provide good fit indices for the two-factor solution (anxiety, depression) of the PHQ-4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GAD-2 [ 21 ] measures two core criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, including “feeling nervous, anxious or on edge” and “not being able to stop or control worrying”. The total scores on the GAD-2 range from 0 to 6 [ 21 ]; scoring ≥ 3 indicates an appropriate cut-off point to indicate risk of developing anxiety in an English and Spanish-speaking population [ 26 ]. To date, no studies have examined the GAD-2 in Spanish-speaking sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PHQ-4 can reliably and validly assess depressive and anxious symptomatology in the general population [ 21 ], clinical samples [ 22 ], and pregnant woman [ 23 ]. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed the best fit to be an oblique two-factor structure, which included depression and anxiety [ 21 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some research groups have used the PHQ-4 in Spanish-speaking samples [ 25 , 26 ] and one with a Spanish- and English-speaking sample of pregnant women [ 23 ]. The evidence supports the validity of the two-factor PHQ-4 as a measure of anxiety and depression in the general population [ 2 ] and as a brief measure of psychological distress among pregnant women [ 23 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Psychometric Properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 for Pregnant Women

Rodríguez-Muñoz

Ruiz‐Segovia

Soto-Balbuena

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: Perinatal anxiety and depression are common complications during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine the item characteristics, reliability, validity, and factorial structure of the four-item Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) and to determine the associations between scale scores and sociodemographic factors in a sample of pregnant women from Spain. Method: A total of 845 pregnant women were recruited from two public hospitals in Spain between 2014 and 2016. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire that included Patient Health Questionnaire-4, including the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and scale inter-correlations between the PHQ-4 and PHQ-9 revealed that the PHQ-4 has a bivariate structure and adequately assesses the dimensions of antenatal anxiety and depression. Conclusion: The PHQ-4 is a reliable and valid instrument to screen for depression and anxiety during pregnancy. The PHQ-4 is an ultra-brief measure that can be used to screen for antenatal depression and anxiety to prevent the negative consequences associated with these mental health conditions among mothers and infants.

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Stress and sleep in college students prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic

2020

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Within the short timeframe of the COVID‐19 pandemic, there has been increasing interest in its potential impact on psychological stress and sleep. Using standardized self‐report measures, we examined differences in stress and sleep by comparing responses from three independent samples of undergraduates in the United States. Samples were obtained prior to COVID‐19 (Spring 2019) and at two periods during the pandemic (Spring 2020 and Summer 2020) which corresponded to an increasing impact of COVID‐19 at the local level. Within the combined sample of 1222 students, 94% identified as Hispanic. Contrary to our hypotheses, stress, sleep quality and insomnia were not significantly higher in the samples collected during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, in support of our hypotheses, bedtime and waketime were significantly later during the pandemic, and sleep duration was significantly longer. Although scores on the global measure of sleep quality did not differ across semesters, supplemental exploratory analyses demonstrated a more complex picture of differences in sleep variables. Among the findings, there was evidence of greater sleep latency, greater sleep medication use and poorer sleep efficiency during the pandemic. Our results suggest that, within the US college student population, COVID‐19's impact on stress and sleep may not be entirely negative.

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Psychometric Evaluation of the Patient Health Questionnaire–4 in Hispanic Americans

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Gout management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional internet survey

Gout management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional internet survey

The Psychometric Properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 for Pregnant Women

Stress and sleep in college students prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic

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