Psychometric assessment of the Hallucinogen Rating Scale☆

Riba, Jordi; Rodrı́guez-Fornells, Antoni; Strassman, Rick J.; Barbanoj, Manel J.

doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00175-7

Cited by 72 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The HRS measures psychedelic-induced subjective effects and includes six scales: Somaesthesia, reflecting somatic effects; Affect, sensitive to emotional and affective responses; Volition, indicating the volunteer's capacity to willfully interact with his/her "self" and/or the environment; Cognition, describing modifications in thought processes or content; Perception, measuring visual, auditory, gustatory, and olfactory experiences; and, finally, Intensity, which reflects the strength of the overall experience. In the present study, a Spanish adaptation of the questionnaire was used (Riba et al, 2001a). The range of scores for all HRS scales is 0 to 4.…”

Section: Study Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Pharmacology of Ayahuasca: Subjective and Cardiovascular Effects, Monoamine Metabolite Excretion, and Pharmacokinetics

Riba¹,

Valle²,

Urbano³

et al. 2003

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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The effects of the South American psychotropic beverage ayahuasca on subjective and cardiovascular variables and urine monoamine metabolite excretion were evaluated, together with the drug's pharmacokinetic profile, in a double-blind placebocontrolled clinical trial. This pharmacologically complex tea, commonly obtained from Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, combines N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an orally labile psychedelic agent showing 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A agonist activity, with monoamine oxidase (MAO)-inhibiting ␤-carboline alkaloids (harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine). Eighteen volunteers with prior experience in the use of psychedelics received single oral doses of encapsulated freeze-dried ayahuasca (0.6 and 0.85 mg of DMT/kg of body weight) and placebo. Ayahuasca produced significant subjective effects, peaking between 1.5 and 2 h, involving perceptual modifications and increases in ratings of positive mood and activation. Diastolic blood pressure showed a significant increase at the high dose (9 mm Hg at 75 min), whereas systolic blood pressure and heart rate were moderately and nonsignificantly increased. C max values for DMT after the low and high ayahuasca doses were 12.14 ng/ml and 17.44 ng/ml, respectively. T max (median) was observed at 1.5 h after both doses. The T max for DMT coincided with the peak of subjective effects. Drug administration increased urinary normetanephrine excretion, but, contrary to the typical MAO-inhibitor effect profile, deaminated monoamine metabolite levels were not decreased. This and the negligible harmine plasma levels found suggest a predominantly peripheral (gastrointestinal and liver) site of action for harmine. MAO inhibition at this level would suffice to prevent first-pass metabolism of DMT and allow its access to systemic circulation and the central nervous system.

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Section: Study Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Pharmacology of Ayahuasca: Subjective and Cardiovascular Effects, Monoamine Metabolite Excretion, and Pharmacokinetics

Riba¹,

Valle²,

Urbano³

et al. 2003

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

Self Cite

309

343

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“…Self-rated subjective effects were measured by administering Spanish versions of the Hallucinogen Rating Scale or HRS (Riba et al 2001a) and the Addiction Research Center Inventory or ARCI (Lamas et al 1994). The HRS ) measures psychedelic-induced subjective effects and includes six scales: Somesthesia, reflecting somatic effects; Affect, sensitive to emotional and affective responses; Volition, indicating the volunteer's capacity to willfully interact with his/her "self" and/or the environment; Cognition, describing modifications in thought processes or content; Perception, measuring visual, auditory, gustatory, and olfactory experiences; and finally Intensity, which reflects the strength of the overall experience.…”

Section: Subjective Effect Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased frontal and paralimbic activation following ayahuasca, the pan-amazonian inebriant

et al. 2006

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Rationale: Ayahuasca is a South American psychoactive plant tea which contains the serotonergic psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and monoamine-oxidase inhibitors that render DMT orally active. Previous investigations with ayahuasca have highlighted a psychotropic effect profile characterized by enhanced introspective attention, with individuals reporting altered somatic perceptions and intense emotional modifications, frequently accompanied by visual imagery. Despite recent advances in the study of ayahuasca pharmacology, the neural correlates of acute ayahuasca intoxication remain largely unknown. Objectives: To investigate the effects of ayahuasca administration on regional cerebral blood flow. Methods: Fifteen male volunteers with prior experience in the use of psychedelics received a single oral dose of encapsulated freeze-dried ayahuasca equivalent to 1.0 mg DMT/kg body weight and a placebo in a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured 100-110 min after drug administration by means of single photon emission tomography (SPECT). Results: Ayahuasca administration led to significant activation of frontal and paralimbic brain regions. Increased blood perfusion was observed bilaterally in the anterior insula, with greater intensity in the right hemisphere, and in the anterior cingulate/frontomedial cortex of the right hemisphere, areas previously implicated in somatic awareness, subjective feeling states, and emotional arousal. Additional increases were observed in the left amygdala/parahippocampal gyrus, a structure also involved in emotional arousal. Conclusions: The present results suggest that ayahuasca interacts with neural systems that are central to interoception and emotional processing and point to a modulatory role of serotonergic neurotransmission in these processes.

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“…Self-rated subjective effects were measured by administering Spanish versions of the Hallucinogen Rating Scale or HRS (Riba et al 2001) and the Addiction Research Center Inventory or ARCI (Lamas et al 1994). The HRS measures psychedelic-induced subjective effects and includes six scales: somaesthesia, reflecting somatic effects; affect, sensitive to emotional and affective responses; volition, indicating the volunteer's capacity to willfully interact with his/her 'self' and/or the environment; cognition, describing modifications in thought processes or content; perception, measuring visual, auditory, gustatory and olfactory experiences; and finally intensity, which reflects the strength of the overall experience.…”

Section: Subjective Effect Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daytime Ayahuasca administration modulates REM and slow-wave sleep in healthy volunteers

et al. 2007

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Objectives Ayahuasca is a traditional South American psychoactive beverage and the central sacrament of Brazilianbased religious groups, with followers in Europe and the United States. The tea contains the psychedelic indole N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and β-carboline alkaloids with monoamine oxidase-inhibiting properties that render DMT orally active. DMT interacts with serotonergic neurotransmission acting as a partial agonist at 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A/2C receptor sites. Given the role played by serotonin in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle, we investigated the effects of daytime ayahuasca consumption in sleep parameters. Measurements and results Subjective sleep quality, polysomnography (PSG), and spectral analysis were assessed in a group of 22 healthy male volunteers after the administration of a placebo, an ayahuasca dose equivalent to 1 mg DMT kg −1 body weight, and 20 mg d-amphetamine, a proaminergic drug, as a positive control. Results show that ayahuasca did not induce any subjectively perceived deterioration of sleep quality or PSG-measured disruptions of sleep initiation or maintenance, in contrast with damphetamine, which delayed sleep initiation, disrupted sleep maintenance, induced a predominance of 'light' vs 'deep' sleep and significantly impaired subjective sleep quality. PSG analysis also showed that similarly to damphetamine, ayahuasca inhibits rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, decreasing its duration, both in absolute values and as a percentage of total sleep time, and shows a trend increase in its onset latency. Spectral analysis showed that d-amphetamine and ayahuasca increased power in the high frequency range, mainly during stage 2. Remarkably, whereas slow-wave sleep (SWS) power in the first night cycle, an indicator of sleep pressure, was decreased by d-amphetamine, ayahuasca enhanced power in this frequency band.Conclusions Results show that daytime serotonergic psychedelic drug administration leads to measurable changes in PSG and sleep power spectrum and suggest an interaction between these drugs and brain circuits modulating REM and SWS.

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Psychometric assessment of the Hallucinogen Rating Scale☆

Cited by 72 publications

References 27 publications

Human Pharmacology of Ayahuasca: Subjective and Cardiovascular Effects, Monoamine Metabolite Excretion, and Pharmacokinetics

Human Pharmacology of Ayahuasca: Subjective and Cardiovascular Effects, Monoamine Metabolite Excretion, and Pharmacokinetics

Increased frontal and paralimbic activation following ayahuasca, the pan-amazonian inebriant

Daytime Ayahuasca administration modulates REM and slow-wave sleep in healthy volunteers

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