Psychometric Assessment and Gender Invariance of the Polish Version of the Gaming Disorder Test

Abstract

In 2019, Gaming Disorder (GD) was officially recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an official mental health disorder. Currently, the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) is one of the most widely utilised psychometric tools to assess GD symptoms according to the WHO framework. In this context, the present study aimed to develop the Polish version of the GDT so that this tool can be used within the Polish cultural context. Additionally, the research aimed to ascertain the psychometric properties and appropriateness of the Polish GDT. To achieve this goal, the Polish GDT was investigated in terms of its validity, reliability, and gender measurement invariance through two studies. Accordingly, study 1 recruited a total of 675 gamers (340 female; Meanage = 31.74 years; SD = 7.75 years; range: 15–45 years) and study 2 comprised 575 gamers (275 female; Mage = 29.45 years; SD = 4.25 years; range: 18–35 years). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to assess psychometric properties of the Polish GDT. The reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and Average Variance Extracted. Gender measurement invariance was investigated using multiple-group CFA, and the unidimensionality was tested using mean of item residual absolute loadings (MIREAL), explained common variance (ECV), and unidimensional congruence (UC). The results of the psychometric analysis showed that the Polish GDT had a one-factor structure. Additionally, the present study demonstrated that the Polish GDT exhibited adequate levels of convergent validity, reliability, and strict gender measurement invariance. These findings suggest that the Polish version of GDT is a suitable psychometric test to assess GD and facilitate research on GD.

Problematic Gaming in Malaysian University Students: Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Malay Language Versions of Gaming Disorder Test and Gaming Disorder Scale for Young Adults

“…To the best of the present authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Malay versions of the GDT and GADIS-YA among university students in Malaysia. Consistent with previous findings, the present study supported that the GDT has a single-factor structure (Cakiroglu & Alnak, 2021; Cudo et al, 2022b; Maldonado-Murciano et al, 2021; Montag et al, 2019; Pontes et al, 2021; Wang & Cheng, 2020) and the GADIS-YA has a two-factor structure (Mazaherizadeh et al, 2022; Nazari et al, 2022; Paschke et al, 2020). Furthermore, both the GDT and GADIS-YA demonstrated concurrent validity by significantly correlating with the IGDS9-SF, BSMAS, time spent on social media, and time spent on gaming.…”

“…The psychometric properties of the Malay version of the GDT demonstrated satisfactory level of internal consistency reliability in the present study, which was comparable to previous findings (Chiorri et al, 2023; Cudo et al, 2022b; Islam et al, 2022; Maldonado-Murciano et al, 2021). In concurrence with the existing literature (Islam et al, 2022; Wang & Cheng, 2020), the GDT score was found to be significantly correlated with the IGDS9-SF, BSMAS, time spent on social media, and time spent on gaming, supporting concurrent validity.…”

“…More specifically, the metric equivalence model suggested that factor loadings were similar across gender and gaming time groups, and the scalar equivalence model suggested that values and means were also equivalent across groups. Previous studies have confirmed the measurement invariance of the GDT (Cudo et al, 2022b;Maldonado-Murciano et al, 2021) and GADIS-A (Nazari et al, 2022) across gender. Cudo et al, 2022a found that female gamers tend to use smartphones as a gaming platform, spend less hours in gaming per week, and experience lower levels of online flow as compared to male gamers.…”

“…The Gaming Disorder Test (GDT; Pontes et al, 2021) and Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A; Paschke et al, 2020) are both recently developed self-report instruments used to assess GD based on the ICD-11 diagnostic criteria. Currently, the GDT has been validated in a number of languages with promising psychometric properties including Bengali (Islam et al, 2022), Italian (Chiorri et al, 2023), Turkish (Cakiroglu & Alnak, 2021), Polish (Cudo et al, 2022b), Spanish (Maldonado-Murciano et al, 2021), German (Montag et al, 2019), traditional Chinese in Hong Kong (Wang & Cheng, 2020), simplified Chinese in mainland China (Pontes et al, 2021), and English in the UK (Pontes et al, 2021). The GADIS-A has been validated in Russian (Nazari et al, 2022), German (Paschke et al, 2020), and Farsi (Mazaherizadeh et al, 2022) language versions with promising psychometric properties.…”

Psychometric Assessment and Gender Invariance of the Polish Adaptation of the Risky Loot Box Index

“…Additionally, reported that female gamers used smartphones more often and desktop computers and stationary consoles less often as gaming platforms than male gamers. Also, it is essential to point out that female gamers usually present lower gaming disorder symptoms than male gamers (Cudo, Montag, et al, 2022;Su et al, 2020).…”