Abstract:Background
Social media provides women with varying platforms to express themselves, show their talents, communicate and expand their social relationships, and break the shackles imposed by their societies. Theoretically, social media can play a significant role in developing women’s freedom and decreasing social pressures; nonetheless, women continue to face violence during the social media era mainly in the form of psychological violence.
Objective
Th… Show more
“…This shows that digital violence has been examined more culturally and socially. Particularly through social media, we have seen discourses (Rodriguez and Hernandez, 2018;Alvares, 2018;Crone, de Graaf, Stevenson, Nyambura and Johnson, 2018;Bali, Omer, Abdulridha and Ahmad, 2021;Garcia-Mingo and Blanco, 2021). Practices that belittle women, filters, anti-feminist discourses (Clark, 2016;Gillett, 2021), humiliation of women's rights (Guevara, Atienza-Barthelemy, Gonzalez and Robles, 2021;Labantu, 2021), discourses that women's place is in the home appear in research (Jane, 2017;Williams, 2021;Estrada et al, 2022).…”
This study is based on the inequality that women experience in digital spaces and the oppression and anxiety in their lives. In addition to the violence that women experience in the private or public sphere, they also experience some difficulties in the digital field. The fact that people spend more time in the virtual environment, and the increase in their use of smart phones and the internet has led to the transfer of violence against women to digital platforms. The aim of this research is to raise awareness due to the increasing trend of digital violence, to systematize studies in the academic field and to provide directions for future research. For this purpose, systematic literature review method was used in the research. The relevant literature on digital violence/digital violence and women has been reviewed, studies have been defined and analyzed. It has been seen that the studies are mostly society and culture-oriented, and digital violence is frequently studied together with social media, partner violence, domestic violence, pornography, sexual harassment. Studies have been systematized according to the types of digital violence against women. In this direction, comments were made according to the findings and suggestions were made for future research.
“…This shows that digital violence has been examined more culturally and socially. Particularly through social media, we have seen discourses (Rodriguez and Hernandez, 2018;Alvares, 2018;Crone, de Graaf, Stevenson, Nyambura and Johnson, 2018;Bali, Omer, Abdulridha and Ahmad, 2021;Garcia-Mingo and Blanco, 2021). Practices that belittle women, filters, anti-feminist discourses (Clark, 2016;Gillett, 2021), humiliation of women's rights (Guevara, Atienza-Barthelemy, Gonzalez and Robles, 2021;Labantu, 2021), discourses that women's place is in the home appear in research (Jane, 2017;Williams, 2021;Estrada et al, 2022).…”
This study is based on the inequality that women experience in digital spaces and the oppression and anxiety in their lives. In addition to the violence that women experience in the private or public sphere, they also experience some difficulties in the digital field. The fact that people spend more time in the virtual environment, and the increase in their use of smart phones and the internet has led to the transfer of violence against women to digital platforms. The aim of this research is to raise awareness due to the increasing trend of digital violence, to systematize studies in the academic field and to provide directions for future research. For this purpose, systematic literature review method was used in the research. The relevant literature on digital violence/digital violence and women has been reviewed, studies have been defined and analyzed. It has been seen that the studies are mostly society and culture-oriented, and digital violence is frequently studied together with social media, partner violence, domestic violence, pornography, sexual harassment. Studies have been systematized according to the types of digital violence against women. In this direction, comments were made according to the findings and suggestions were made for future research.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, women and girls across the globe faced increased reliance on the digital space to access education, social support, and health and gender-based violence (GBV) services. While research from the last three years has explored how women and girls navigated and responded to their new virtual reality, minimal evidence has been generated from low-resource settings where access to technology may be limited. Further, no studies to date have examined these dynamics in Iraq, where women and girls already face numerous threats to safety due to various forms of structural violence and patriarchal family structures. This qualitative study aimed to examine women and girls’ experiences in the digital space during COVID-19 in Iraq, including the benefits and risks of engagement as well as how access to the digital space was controlled. Data for the present analysis come from the authors’ larger multi-country study investigating women and girls’ safety and access to GBV services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures employed to control the spread of the virus. In Iraq, semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted virtually with fifteen GBV service providers. Following the translation and transcription of interviews, the thematic analysis highlighted several benefits and challenges women and girls experienced as they tried to access and utilize technology for schooling, support services, and obtaining and spreading information. While many women and girls increasingly and successfully relied on social media to spread awareness of GBV cases, key informants noted that women and girls also faced increased risks of experiencing electronic blackmail. In addition to a substantial digital divide in this context—which manifested as differential access to technology by gender, rural/urban status, and socioeconomic status—intrahousehold control of girls’ access to and use of technology left many adolescent girls unable to continue schooling and contributed to their further marginalization and consequent decline in well-being. Implications for women’s safety and mitigation strategies are also discussed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.