Psychological Stress Induces Sodium and Fluid Retention in Men at High Risk for Hypertension

Light, Kathleen C.; Koepke, J P; Obrist, Paul A.; Willis, Park W.

doi:10.1126/science.6836285

Cited by 207 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…8 We used the same methods as the Belgian studies in determining associations between hypertension or a family history of hypertension, but had no effect on urinary sodium excretion in the urinary sodium excretion and BP as well as for interactions between the urinary sodium excretion young adult men with a negative history of hypertension. 17 The lack of sodium retention shown in the and heart rate. Thus, the lack of evidence for the interaction between heart rate and the urinary low risk subjects who were high heart rate reactors also indicates that cardiovascular and renal symsodium excretion cannot be explained either by a pathetic responses do not always occur on a paralassociated with clinic systolic (P = 0.05) and diastolic (P = 0.08) BP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a sodium excretion of lel. 17 In animal studies, a high sodium intake has enhanced selectively the magnitude of the renal 100 mmol/24 h (10th percentile or less), increasing stress from low to high was associated with a fall sympathetic nerve activity and antinatriuretic responses to stressful environmental stimulation, eg, both in systolic (by 4.5 mm Hg) and diastolic (by 1.4 mm Hg) BP. Conversely, at a sodium excretion of mean arterial BP and heart rate responses, which were not increased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Association between salt intake, heart rate and blood pressure

Rastenytė¹,

Tuomilehto²,

Moltchanov³

et al. 1997

J Hum Hypertens

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The present study investigated the association between was no association between urinary sodium and BP either in men or in women. There was a significant cor-24-h urinary sodium excretion and heart rate in the determination of blood pressure (BP) levels in a large relation between heart rate and both systolic and diastolic BP in both men and women. A significant interacrandom population sample from eastern Finland. Three independent risk factor surveys were performed in 1979, tion between age and BMI with heart rate was also found in both sexes. Interaction between urinary sodium and 1982 and 1987 using the same methodology. Data from each survey was pooled for subjects aged 25-64 years heart rate was found neither in men nor in women. Among men, after adjustment for age and BMI, there who reported a complete 24-h urine collection and were not on the current antihypertensive treatment (1640 men was a curvilinear relation between 24-h urinary excretion of sodium and diastolic BP (P = 0.054) in the and 1686 women). The effect of urinary sodium excretion and heart rate was examined by regressing BP lowest quintile of heart rate (Ͻ60 beats/min). No correlations were observed among women in any of the quinon urinary sodium excretion and pulse rate, together with age and body mass index (BMI). Analyses stratified tiles of heart rate. by quintiles of heart rate were also performed. There Keywords: blood pressure; salt intake; heart rate from the 25-64 year old population of south-western

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between salt intake, heart rate and blood pressure

Rastenytė¹,

Tuomilehto²,

Moltchanov³

et al. 1997

J Hum Hypertens

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show abstract

“…Murphy et al 46 found higher levels of cardiovascular reactivity in black compared with white third graders. Another study by Light et al 47 found a direct correlation between the magnitude of the reduction in urinary sodium and water excretion and the rise in heart rate in young men who were subjected to mental stress. In animals, identical renal responses to stress appear to be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system.…”

Section: Mechanisms and Modifiers Of The Salt-bloodmentioning

confidence: 94%

Racial and ethnic modifiers of the salt-blood pressure response.

et al. 1991

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The relation between sodium and blood pressure is a centuries-old question. A substantial body of epidemiological and experimental data has accumulated that strongly implicates NaCl as having a causal role in the genesis of arterial hypertension. Prospective studies that have been performed in diverse populations that have manipulated NaCl exposure by diet or infusion have repeatedly documented an NaCl pressor effect Further, similar studies in biracial populations have also demonstrated a greater prevalence of "salt sensitivity" in blacks compared with whites. The reasons for this observation are not entirely clear; however, intrinsic or hypertension-induced renal abnormalities that limit natriuretic capacity, reduced Na + ,K + -ATPase pump activity, other membrane ion transport disturbances, differential exposure to psychological stressors, greater insulin resistance, and dietary factors (reduced Ca + and K + intake) have all been suggested as possibly playing a role. Salt sensitivity appears to be a widespread phenomenon. However, it is critically important to determine what factors account for racial differences in salt sensitivity. Moreover, the prevalence of salt sensitivity in the general population is unknown. Current definitions of salt sensitivity are varied and unidirectional. In comparison with bidirectional criteria (blood pressure increase with salt loading and blood pressure decrease with salt restriction), they are probably inadequate to identify salt-sensitive individuals who manifest less extreme blood pressure change after dietary sodium or plasma volume manipulations. More sensitive criteria for diagnosing salt sensitivity will facilitate a better understanding of racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of salt sensitivity. C ross-cultural studies support the concept that habitual NaCl intake is related to differences in mean blood pressure levels, hypertension prevalence, and the increasing slope of the blood pressure curve with advancing age among populations. -3 When considered in aggregate, different populations demonstrate a reasonably consistent relation among observed mean blood pressure, hypertension prevalence, and habitual sodium intake. In unacculturated societies consuming less than 50 meq/day sodium, hypertension is rare, blood pressures are low, there is little rise in blood pressure with advancing age, and blood pressures vary within a remarkably narrow range.2 On the other hand, in more developed societies in which sodium intake is From the Division of Epidemiology

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“…5,6 Furthermore, during stress sodium retention is known to manifest itself particularly in genetically predisposed individuals. 7 change during the stressor were positively correlated (r = 0.75, P Ͻ 0.01). Both groups, however, demonstrated a similar pattern of sodium excretion to mental challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cardiovascular and renal responses to mental challenge in highly and moderately active males with a family history of hypertension

Hamer

Boutcher

2002

J Hum Hypertens

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The objective of this study was to compare FBF and renal responses to mental challenge in highly and moderately active males with a family history of hypertension. Normotensive, healthy males with a family history of hypertension (n = 18) were recruited into moderately active and highly active groups. Cardiovascular, FBF, and renal responses to a 10-min Stroop mental challenge were measured. Urine was analysed for levels of sodium and potassium pre and post stressor as an indicant of renal blood flow. The results were that the moderately active males demonstrated a significantly higher level of FBF reactivity to mental challenge compared with that of the highly active. Heart rate change and FBF

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Psychological Stress Induces Sodium and Fluid Retention in Men at High Risk for Hypertension

Cited by 207 publications

References 14 publications

Association between salt intake, heart rate and blood pressure

Association between salt intake, heart rate and blood pressure

Racial and ethnic modifiers of the salt-blood pressure response.

Cardiovascular and renal responses to mental challenge in highly and moderately active males with a family history of hypertension

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