“…In addition, Toto and Nguyen (2009) found that the separation of the instructor from students in online learning is reported to cause a sense of isolation among students (Palloff & Pratt, 2007). The distance between teachers and students in online learning may also lead to frustration, boredom, overload and low course completion (AL-Takhayneh, Karaki, Alhwayan, Khader, & Altarawneh, 2022;Eunice & Cosmas, 2019;Govender & Govender, 2022;Hara, 2000;Northrup, 2002;Zubair, Akmal, & Laeeque, 2022). Nevertheless, universities worldwide adopted online learning as precautions to contain the COVID-19 pandemic (Kenawy, 2020) and universities in the UAE were no exceptions.…”