Psychological, socioeconomic effects of COVID-19 pandemic and associated prevalent self-reported vulnerability factors among residents of Southwest Nigeria

Durowade, Kabir Adekunle; Sanni, Taofeek Adedayo; Adeniyi, Makinde Adedayo; Babalola, Serifat Asabi; Popoola, Tomilayo Ajoke; Adebara, Idowu Oluwaseyi; Ajayi, Ebenezer Adekunle

doi:10.4103/njm.njm_164_20

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It incorporates concepts of happiness or social welfare [ 8 ]; and is influenced by factors such as access to social support and psychological states [ 9 ] such as anxiety and depression which negatively impact self-perceived wellbeing [ 10 ]. Nigerians experienced psychological distress such as insomnia, depressive, post-traumatic stress and anxiety symptoms, and suicidal ideation due to the COVID-19 pandemic [ 11 – 13 ]. Many households had their income reduced and access to healthcare services was limited due to the instituted lockdown measures [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between psychological wellbeing, depression, general anxiety, perceived social support, tooth brushing frequency and oral ulcers among adults resident in Nigeria during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2021

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Introduction The aims of this study were to determine the associations between psychological wellbeing, and the frequency of tooth brushing and presence of oral ulcers during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to identify the mediating roles of psychological distress (general anxiety and depression) and perceived social support in the paths of observed associations. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 996 adults in Nigeria between June and August 2020. Data collected through an online survey included outcome variables (decreased frequency of tooth brushing and presence of oral ulcers), explanatory variable (psychological wellbeing), mediators (general anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms and perceived social support) and confounders (age, sex at birth, educational and employment status). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the risk indicators for the outcome variables. A path analysis was conducted to identify the indirect effect of mediators on the association between the outcome and explanatory variables. Results Of the 966 respondents, 96 (9.9%) reported decreased tooth-brushing frequency and 129 (13.4%) had oral ulcers during the pandemic. The odds of decreased tooth-brushing during the pandemic decreased as the psychological wellbeing increased (AOR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83–0.91; p < 0.001) and as generalized anxiety symptoms increased (AOR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86–0.98; p = 0.009). The odds of having an oral ulcer was higher as the generalized anxiety symptoms increased (AOR: 1.15; 95% CI: 01.08–1.21; p < 0.001). Only generalized anxiety (indirect effect: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01–0.04; P = 0.014) significantly mediated the relationship between wellbeing and tooth-brushing accounting for approximately 12% of the total effect of wellbeing on decreased toothbrushing. Generalized anxiety (indirect effect 0.05; 95% CI: − 0.07–0.03; P < 0.001) also significantly mediated the relationship between wellbeing and presence of oral ulcer accounting for 70% of the total effect of wellbeing on presence of oral ulcer. Depressive symptoms and perceived social support did not significantly mediate the associations between psychological wellbeing, decreased frequency of tooth brushing and the presence of oral ulcers. Conclusion Patients who come into the dental clinic with poor oral hygiene or oral ulcers during the COVID-19 pandemic may benefit from screening for generalized anxiety and psychological wellbeing to identify those who will benefit from interventions for mental health challenges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between psychological wellbeing, depression, general anxiety, perceived social support, tooth brushing frequency and oral ulcers among adults resident in Nigeria during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2021

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“…Similarly, Durowade et al [28] also revealed that majority have their family income and family feeding negatively affected by COVID-19 pandemic [28]. In addition, Singh et al [23] found that loss in income, poor health status, job loss and among others worsened the diabetes and hypertensive symptoms of the respondents [21] Ajibo [27] also revealed that revealed that Covid-19 negatively impacted the socio-economic and religious progress of Nigerians as all forms of education programs including schools were shut down, and formal academic learning was also disrupted.…”

Section: Discussion Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Also, the Covid-19 negatively impacted the socio-economic and religious progress of Nigerians as all forms of education programs including schools were shut down, and formal academic learning was also disrupted. Durowade, Sanni, Adeniyi, Babalola, Popoola, Adebara, Ajayi [28] analysed the psychological and socio-economic effect of covid-19 pandemic in Southwest Nigeria. The result of their findings shows that there was adverse effect on family income (78.2%) with severe psychological effect (83.9%) in the region coupled with other self-reported vulnerable factors such as diabetes and other cardiovascular diseases.…”

Section: Empirical Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Status in Ekiti and Ondo States, Nigeria

Awoyemi

Falaju

Adeyiola

et al. 2022

JEMT

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Introduction: The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has become a serious threat to human existence and at the same time causing a lot of traumatic socio-economic losses to people and nations globally. To this effect, studies have examined the impact of the pandemic in Nigeria, but not much has been said on the socio-economic effects of the pandemic on health status. This research work therefore, examines the socio-economic effects of COVD-19 pandemic on health status of people in Ekiti and Ondo States in Nigeria. Data from 663 respondents was obtained from the cross-section of adults age 18-65, using a self-structured open and close-ended questionnaire. Variables such as health status, occupation, income, education among others were used. Methods: Ordered Probit model was specified to investigate the effect of the pandemic on health status and the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) was used as the estimation technique. Also, descriptive statistics was conducted to examine the demographic features of the respondents. Results and Findings: The results show that COVID-19 pandemic has both negative and positive socio-economic effects on health status among the majority of the participants. A decrease in school closure and job loss/ business closure makes respondents more likely to be in good health with 6.562% and 7.194% probabilities respectively. However, the probability that a respondent will be in a good health as a result of a positive change in income is 0.463%. This indicates that a positive change in income has a positive effect on health status, while school closure and job loss/business closure during COVID-19 have negative effects on health status. The study recommends that welfare benefits, financial incentives, stimulus package to both individuals and firms, while remote learning strategies are implemented to rebalance and boost people’s welfare in both states.

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“…8 An online cross-sectional study among residents of the six states of the region (Lagos, Ondo, Oyo, Ogun, Osun and Ekiti States), showed that majority (83.9%) have severe psychological effect sequel to the COVID-19 pandemic while more than three-quarter (78.2%) have their family income affected in the midst of the huge burden of cost of care. 9 Generally, the psychological symptoms of fear, anxiety, stress and paranoia about attendance and socializing at public events have been observed in populations. 10 Additionally, the imposition of lockdown and quarantine also have effect on the mental health and overall wellbeing at personal and population levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile and Predictors of Psychological Manifestations of COVID-19 among Adults in Selected Communities of Southwest Nigeria

Durowade,

Musa,

Salaudeen

et al. 2024

J. Med. Biomed. Res.

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Background: The Corona Virus Disease-2019 caused by the virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus - 2 resulted in a global public health problem. Various strategies and interventions were implemented to contain the spread around the world. Despite this, the pandemic persisted with fear and anxiety leading to worsening psychological state. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the profile and predictors of psychological manifestations of COVID-19 among adults in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select adults aged 18 years and above. A pre-tested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23 was used for data analysis and spatial mapping. Level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: More than a tenth (15.3%) of the respondents had experienced severe psychological manifestations due to COVID-19. Younger age (p<0.001), higher level of education (p<0.001), higher monthly income (p=0.013), smaller household size (p=0.001), working in the hospital environment (p=0.001), and rural residence (p=0.005) were significantly associated with psychological manifestations due to COVID-19. Younger age (p=0.030), tertiary education (p=0.020), rural location (p<0.001) and working in the hospital environment (p=0.021) were significant predictors of severe psychological manifestations due to COVID-19. Conclusion: Psychological manifestations due to COVID-19 was high among the study population and this cuts across socio-demographic and socio-economic groups. Awareness campaigns by the Ekiti State government and other relevant stakeholders could help to reduce this in the population

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Psychological, socioeconomic effects of COVID-19 pandemic and associated prevalent self-reported vulnerability factors among residents of Southwest Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Associations between psychological wellbeing, depression, general anxiety, perceived social support, tooth brushing frequency and oral ulcers among adults resident in Nigeria during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

Associations between psychological wellbeing, depression, general anxiety, perceived social support, tooth brushing frequency and oral ulcers among adults resident in Nigeria during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

Socio-Economic Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Status in Ekiti and Ondo States, Nigeria

Profile and Predictors of Psychological Manifestations of COVID-19 among Adults in Selected Communities of Southwest Nigeria

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