Psychological sequelae of political imprisonment during apartheid

Nicholas, Lionel

doi:10.1177/0081246313516262

Cited by 47 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, there are many risks with using coercion during an interrogation. With the use of deceptive interrogatory tactics, skeptics are concerned that these tactics may lead to inherent coercion and psychological manipulation; consequently, resulting in a false confession, along with the risk of creating a false memory for the suspect (Gudjonsson & Pearse, 2011;Kassin et al, 2010;Leo, 2008;Nicholas, 2014;Schmalleger, 2009).…”

Section: Discussion Of Coercionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, Kassin et al (2010) argue that "a highly confrontational interrogation [is] characterized by the use of persuasive social influence tactics" and that the use of rejecting a non-guilty plea by interrogators is an essential part of the interrogation process (p. 41). Furthermore, after the interrogator as denied the suspect's non-guilty plea multiple times and the interrogator informs the suspect that the suspect will receive the death penalty if they do not tell the truth, but a lesser consequence if they do tell the truth; thus, the suspect may make a false confession that was coerced out of fear of not being viewed innocent and receiving a harsher consequence, such as the death penalty (Nicholas, 2014).…”

Section: Confrontation-rejected Denials and Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Gudjonsson and Pearce (2011), research suggests that with the Reid-technique method that is used with interrogations in the United States, that there is about a 20% chance that "a small percentage of them, [suspects who confessed, that] could have been innocent" (p. 34). Critics of the Reid-technique model recognize that some tactics that are used in interrogations could be perceived as deceptive; thus, these tactics are concerning because of the increased chance of a coerced false confession (Gudjonsson & Pearce, 2011;Schmalleger, 2009;Nicholas, 2014).…”

Section: Peace Model Alternative To the Reid-technique Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1944, in the case Ashcraft v. Tennessee, it was observed that the defendant made a coerced confession while interrogators were using tactics, such as shinning bright lights on the defendant, acting kind with offering rewards, and with continuing ongoing interrogation over a 2-3 day time period (Schmalleger, 2009). According to Foster, Davis, and Sandler (1990, as cited in Nicholas, 2014), deceptive interrogation techniques, such as constant interrogation, interrogators providing misleading information, and interrogators offering rewards may be considered forms of "psychological methods of torture;" consequently, increases the chances of a coerced confession that may be false (p. 20).…”

Section: Inherent Coercionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Importance of Ethical Dilemma with False Confessions

Neely¹,

Dunstan²

2018

IJCE

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The purpose of this article is to gain a better understanding of the ethical dilemma of false confessions that are created from the use of deceptive interrogation tactics. First, this article will explore various types of interrogation tactics that are used by law enforcement and assess those tactics' ability to influence the suspect in providing a false confession. The various interrogatory tactics that are used by law enforcement in the United States will be analyzed, including the deceptive interrogatory tactics used with the Reid-technique model. In addition, alternative interrogatory tactics, such as the PEACE model will be explored, along with assessing the use of the PEACE model tactics on decreasing the chances of false confessions. Secondly, this article will examine the different types of coercion that may be used in an investigation, such as inherent coercion and psychological manipulation. The ethical concerns regarding false confessions and how these confessions can easily be coerced will be examined. Additionally, the risks involved in creating a false memory with suspects during an interrogation will be discussed; consequently, there is a risk of creating a false memory that could lead to a false confession. Furthermore, the Innocence Project and other court cases that involved false confessions will be discussed. Finally, this article will examine a real life story of an innocent child who falsely confessed to the murder.

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Section: Discussion Of Coercionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confrontation-rejected Denials and Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Peace Model Alternative To the Reid-technique Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inherent Coercionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Importance of Ethical Dilemma with False Confessions

Neely¹,

Dunstan²

2018

IJCE

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“…Psycholo gists played roles in the military, in the police force, in the prisons, and in the secret police and intelligence structures and participated in the evaluation of anti-apartheid detainees (Nicholas, 2014), believing that Whites were under all man ner of threat from the inferior Black majority.…”

Section: P Ro M In E N T a P A Rth E Id Psychologistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A synopsis of South African psychology from apartheid to democracy.

Cooper¹

2014

American Psychologist

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In this concatenated overview, the development of psychology in South Africa is traced from its origins in the late 19th century to the present. The seminal influences on the science and practice of psychology of the racialized polity and the responses to the prevailing regimen are also explored. The significant events in the patinated layers of psychological discourse and consequent policies in these constrained circumstances are traversed. Despite the nonracial era occasioned by the formation of the Psychological Society of South Africa three months before the advent of democracy under Nelson Mandela in 1994, the profession of psychology remains demographically skewed. Nevertheless, psychology in the current democratic dispensation enjoys a high profile and is actively engaged in ongoing and reflexive self-examination to ensure that it is more accessible and truly serves humanity. If Africa is psychology's last frontier, the critical denouement of the various issues confronting psychology in the southern tip of the African continent will provide a positive growth path that is likely to merit attention beyond its borders.

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The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Human Rights

Dudgeon¹,

Carey²,

Hammond³

et al. 2020

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According to the United Nations (UN), 1 billion people -15 percent of the world's populationlive with disabilities. These persons with disabilities tend to experience a number of challenges, including lack of accessibility, stigma, and discrimination. As a result, many persons with disabilities have faced various barriers in fully participating in society.The UN was founded after the World War II, and as its Charter stipulates, 1 the realization

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Psychological sequelae of political imprisonment during apartheid

Cited by 47 publications

References 18 publications

Understanding the Importance of Ethical Dilemma with False Confessions

Understanding the Importance of Ethical Dilemma with False Confessions

A synopsis of South African psychology from apartheid to democracy.

The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Human Rights

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