Psychological science in cultural context.

The neglected 95%: Why American psychology needs to become less American.

“…First, it does not explain why there is so little representation in APA journals from European countries, which have a combined population and GDP larger than that of the United States, or the virtual absence of representation from countries such as Japan or South Korea, wealthy countries that are members of the OECD. There is, in fact, an immense amount of psychological research taking place in countries around the world (e.g, Arnett, 2007;Gergen, Gulerce, Lock, & Misra, 1996;Stevens & Wedding, 2004), and most of it is published in English, but it rarely penetrates the APA journal system and is largely ignored by American psychologists. As Denmark (1998) observed, "The vast majority of [American] psychologists and their students have extremely limited knowledge concerning the work of their international counterparts.…”

Reflecting on practice: negotiating challenges to ways of working

“…In a similar vein, Gergen et al (1996) wrote "suppositions about the nature of knowledge, the character of objectivity, the place of value in the knowledge generating process, and the nature of linguistic representation, for example, all carry the stamp of cultural tradition" (p. 497). They and others (e.g., Shweder, 1990) argued that once culture is given primacy in our research and practice a number of problems become evident related to assumptions about universality, individualism, and singular reality.…”

“…These other levels can include considerations of what constitutes knowledge, and on whose terms, and critical reflection on our identities and situatedness. In fact, these other levels are about the deeper suppositions that underpin 'mainstream' psychology (Gergen et al, 1996) as well as the multiple ways in which we can be subject.…”

“…This deconstruction and localization can be viewed as part of the broader project of developing practical psychology that is rooted in different cultural positions and that contributes to social change. In one sense, this is part of the developments referred to as the indigenisation of psychology (e.g., Comas-Diaz, Lykes, & Alarcón, 1998;Gergen, Gulerce, Lock, & Misra;Marai, 2002;Sinha, 1997;Sinha & Kao, 1997).…”

Status of Internationalization in U.S. Counseling-Psychology Doctoral Programs

“…Gergen et al (1996) described many psychologists' early attempts to work internationally as "thinking locally, acting globally" (p. 500). In some instances, U.S.…”