Psychological resilience and dysfunction among hospitalized survivors of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: A latent class approach.

Bonanno, George A.; Ho, Samuel M. Y.; Chan, James C.; Kwong, Rosalie S. Y.; Cheung, Celia K. Y.; Wong, Claudia P. Y.; Wong, Vivian

doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.5.659

Cited by 293 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Our findings on women's average lower resilience compared to men has also been observed in some other studies, for example, on survivors of the World Trade Center attack of 11 September 2001 (Weissman et al 2005, Bonanno et al 2006; on the hospitalized survivors of the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in Hong Kong in 2003 (Bonanno et al 2008); and on Swedish tourist survivors of the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami (Johannesson et al 2011). Little, however, is known about a potential explanation for this (Rodriguez-Llanes et al 2013), and there is a need for more focused studies on this phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Emergence of human resilience in coastal ecosystems under environmental change

Matin¹,

Taylor²

2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Resilience has been studied in a number of disciplines, predominantly in psychosocial and ecological sciences. Although there are striking similarities in their approaches, the psychosocial tradition has centered on the family and its immediate surroundings, whereas the social-ecological approach has focused on macrosystems that stop at the family level. Recently, the need for bridging these gaps has been echoed by researchers from both these traditions, particularly for promoting resilience of individuals and their wider environment in the context of natural disasters and climate change. However, a new synthesis of social-ecological and behavioral theories integrating multiple dynamic systems that interact across levels is strikingly rare. We addressed some of these issues in the context of complex coastal ecosystems in the Sundarbans region in southwest Bangladesh soon after the Cyclone Aila, which hit the coast in May 2009. The devastation that followed tested the endurance and resilience of people and nature alike. We used an integrated method that combined Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale with narrative inquiry for assessing human resilience. The quantitative analysis was able to address gender, educational, and livelihood dimensions of individual resilience. Life history narratives were found particularly useful in bringing out the underlying contexts and processes that embody individual social-ecological interactions that influence the construct of human resilience. These exercises show that the emergence of human resilience must be understood as a holistic and dynamic process because the variables that contribute to its emergence interact in complex ways.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Emergence of human resilience in coastal ecosystems under environmental change

Matin¹,

Taylor²

2015

E&S

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“…Although the methodological approach and type of data used in these studies have varied, the same basic set of trajectories have been identified across markedly distinct types of stressor events, including the death of a loved one (Bonanno, Keltner, Holen, & Horowitz, 1995;Bonanno, Moskowitz, et al, 2005;Bonanno, Wortman et al, 2002;), divorce (Mancini, Bonanno, & Clark, 2010), life-threatening medical procedures (Deshields, Tibbs, Fan, & Taylor, 2006;Lam et al, 2010), and traumatic injury (deRoon-Cassini, Mancini, Rusch, & Bonanno, 2010). Importantly, as elaborated later, these same trajectories also characterize patterns of outcome following disasters (Bonanno, Ho et al, 2008;Bonanno, Rennicke, & Dekel, 2005;Norris, Tracy, & Galea, 2009). …”

Section: Recovery and Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Weighing the Costs of Disaster

Bonanno

Brewin

Kaniasty

et al. 2010

Psychol Sci Public Interest

Self Cite

909

443

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SummaryDisasters typically strike quickly and cause great harm. Unfortunately, because of the spontaneous and chaotic nature of disasters, the psychological consequences have proved exceedingly difficult to assess. Published reports have often overestimated a disaster's psychological cost to survivors, suggesting, for example, that many if not most survivors will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); at the same time, these reports have underestimated the scope of the disaster's broader impact in other domains. We argue that such ambiguities can be attributed to methodological limitations. When we focus on only the most scientifically sound research-studies that use prospective designs or include multivariate analyses of predictor and outcome measures-relatively clear conclusions about the psychological parameters of disasters emerge. We summarize the major aspects of these conclusions in five key points and close with a brief review of possible implications these points suggest for disaster intervention.1. Disasters cause serious psychological harm in a minority of exposed individuals. People exposed to disaster show myriad psychological problems, including PTSD, grief, depression, anxiety, stress-related health costs, substance abuse, and suicidal ideation. However, severe levels of these problems are typically observed only in a relatively small minority of exposed individuals. In adults, the proportion rarely exceeds 30% of most samples, and in the vast majority of methodologically sound studies, the level is usually considerably lower. Among youth, elevated symptoms are common in the first few months following a high-impact disaster, but again, chronic symptom elevations rarely exceed 30% of the youth sampled.2. Disasters produce multiple patterns of outcome, including psychological resilience. In addition to chronic dysfunction, other patterns of disaster outcome are typically observed. Some survivors recover their psychological equilibrium within a period ranging from several months to 1 or 2 years. A sizeable proportion, often more than half of those exposed, experience only transient distress and maintain a stable trajectory of healthy functioning or resilience. Resilient outcomes have been evidenced across different methodologies, including recent studies that identified patterns of outcome using relatively sophisticated data analytic approaches, such as latent growth mixture modeling.3. Disaster outcome depends on a combination of risk and resilience factors. As is true for most highly aversive events, individual differences in disaster outcomes are informed by a number of unique risk and resilience factors, including variables related to the context in which the disaster occurs, variables related to proximal exposure during the disaster, and variables related to distal exposure in the disaster's aftermath. Multivariate studies indicate that there is no one single dominant predictor of disaster outcomes. Rather, as with traumatic life events more generally, most predictor variables exert small...

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“…[6][7][8] These reports suggest a very different picture to that implied by the prevailing view. Firstly, most patients with cancer experience persistent low levels of distress (or PTSD) across the 6 months follow ing breast (or other) cancer (or other traumatic) 9 diagnoses. There are critical time points-such as diagnosis, surgery and treatment c essation-but acute distress responses probably quickly revert.…”

Section: Correspondencementioning

confidence: 99%