Psychological Reactions to the National Terror-Alert System

Kramer, Michael E.; Spielman, Lisa; Giosan, Cezar; Rothrock, Michelanne

doi:10.1037/e741632011-009

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…4, December 2007 Schuster et al, 2001;Silver et al, 2002). However, polling and social science research have shown that there is still significant fear and anxiety related to anticipating future attacks (Kramer et al, 2004;Polling Report, 2005;Sinclair & LoCicero, 2006). The current study also supports this contention.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The rationale for the development of this tool is rooted in the fact that most research following the attacks of September 11, 2001, has shown that rates of psychopathology specific to 9/11 have returned to baseline after spiking immediately after the attacks (Galea et al, 2003; Schuster et al, 2001; Silver et al, 2002). However, polling and social science research have shown that there is still significant fear and anxiety related to anticipating future attacks (Kramer et al, 2004; Polling Report, 2005; Sinclair & LoCicero, 2006). The current study also supports this contention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samuel J. Sinclair and Alice LoCicero research (Kramer, Brown, Spielman, Giosan, & Rothrock, 2004;Sinclair & LoCicero, 2006) and polling evidence (Polling Report, 2005) to suggest that people remain quite fearful of future terrorism. These fears escalate substantially after large-scale attacks, such as following those in Bali in 2002, Madrid in 2004, and London in 2005(Polling Report, 2005.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Zimbardo (2003) has referred to this phenomenon as a “Pretraumatic Stress Syndrome” as it relates to the government's color-coded national alert system. Although research following the attacks of September 11, 2001, has shown that rates of psychopathology specific to 9/11 have generally returned to baseline after spiking immediately after the attacks (Galea et al, 2003; Schuster et al, 2001; Silver, Holman, Mcintosh, Poulin, & Gil-Rivas, 2002), there is preliminary research (Kramer, Brown, Spielman, Giosan, & Rothrock, 2004; Sinclair & LoCicero, 2006) and polling evidence (Polling Report, 2005) to suggest that people remain quite fearful of future terrorism. These fears escalate substantially after large-scale attacks, such as following those in Bali in 2002, Madrid in 2004, and London in 2005 (Polling Report, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fearing future terrorism: Development, validation, and psychometric testing of the Terrorism Catastrophizing Scale (TCS).

Sinclair¹,

LoCicero²

2007

Traumatology

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The purpose of this study was to develop a new tool, the Terrorism Catastrophizing Scale (TCS), rooted in terror management theory (TMT) and cognitive-behavioral theory (CBT). Participants were adults sampled from the general U.S. population (N = 503) using internet-based methods. Psychometric analysis indicates a 13-item version of the TCS, measuring three constructs (Rumination, Magnification, and Helplessness), met all tests of scaling assumptions and generally fit a 3-factor model using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.98), where CFI is the comparative fit index and TLI is the Tucker-Lewis index. Results also indicate that self-esteem and social connected-ness are negatively associated (P < .0001) with terrorism catastrophizing, as TMT would assume. Finally, terrorism catastrophizing is a significant predictor (P < .0001) of behavioral change and of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and physiological stress, as CBT would maintain. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fearing future terrorism: Development, validation, and psychometric testing of the Terrorism Catastrophizing Scale (TCS).

Sinclair¹,

LoCicero²

2007

Traumatology

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show abstract

“…This research has shown that rates of anxiety and depression specific to 9/11 have returned to baseline after spiking immediately after the attacks. However, there is preliminary research (Kramer, Brown, Spielman, Giosan, and Rothrock, 2004;Sinclair, 2004) and polling evidence (Polling Report, 2005) to suggest that there is still a significant amount of fear related to future terrorism. These fears escalate significantly after large-scale attacks, such as Madrid (March, 2004) and London (July, 2005) (Polling Report, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Psychometric Testing of the Perceptions of Terrorism Questionnaire Short-Form (PTQ-SF)

Sinclair¹,

LoCicero²

2006

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon have had an ongoing impact, transforming daily habits and attitudes in the United States. At the time of the attacks, social scientists had limited understanding of how people in the United States would think about or react to large-scale acts of terrorism in the US. This study contributes to a growing body of knowledge and theory in this area. We developed and psychometrically evaluated the 25-item Perceptions of Terrorism Questionnaire short-form (PTQ-SF), assessing eight constructs identified by the authors as recurrent themes in the general literature on terrorism (literature that is not specific to the US), including Perceived Threat of Terrorism, Faith in Government, and Fear/Impact of Terrorism. Psychometric evaluation of the PTQ demonstrated that it met acceptable standards for item internal

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Assessing the Ongoing Psychological Impact of Terrorism

Sinclair

LoCicero

2009

Handbook of Clinical Rating Scales and Assessment in Psychiatry and Mental Health

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Psychological Reactions to the National Terror-Alert System

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Fearing future terrorism: Development, validation, and psychometric testing of the Terrorism Catastrophizing Scale (TCS).

Fearing future terrorism: Development, validation, and psychometric testing of the Terrorism Catastrophizing Scale (TCS).

Development and Psychometric Testing of the Perceptions of Terrorism Questionnaire Short-Form (PTQ-SF)

Assessing the Ongoing Psychological Impact of Terrorism

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