Psychological reactions in Icelandic earthquake survivors

Bödvarsdóttir, Íris; Elklit, Ask

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2004.00373.x

Cited by 121 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The mean sum score for the study population was 32.00 (standard deviation, 7.07) and the Cronbach's alpha was moderate (0.71) (43). The Crisis Support Scale has been used in trauma studies (47), and it has been demonstrated to have good internal consistency and discriminatory power (48).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for suicide attempts in the total population of Faroese eighth graders

Petersen

Elklit

2013

Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology

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Objectives: Suicide is still one of the leading causes of youth mortality, and amongst others previous suicide attempts have been found to be one of the strongest risk factors for suicide. The objective of this study is to examine risk factors of suicide attempts in a total population of Faroese adolescents. It is expected that anxious attachment, high scores on negative affectivity and low scores on past and present social support were correlated to an increased risk of life-time suicide attempts in both female and male adolescents. Method: Analyses were conducted based on data from The Faroese Adolescent Trauma Study, a self-report questionnaire survey including a total population of Faroese eighth graders (N = 687; 85 % response rate, mean age 14.2 years, SD = 2.1). The questionnaire included The Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), The Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC), and The Crisis Support Scale (CSS). Results: In the total population 9.9 % (N = 68) of the participants reported life-time suicide attempt; of those 28 % were boys and 72 % were girls. In line with the expectations, the initial comparison showed that adolescents reporting life-time suicide attempt had significantly higher scores on attachment anxiety and negative affectivity, and had significantly lower scores on attachment closeness, and both past and present social support. Further analyses stratified on gender, however, revealed unexpected results, as a high score on negative affectivity only was a significant risk factor for life-time suicide attempt among the girls, and high score on attachment closeness only was a significant protective factor of life-time suicide attempt among the boys. Conclusions: This study provides important data about the role of attachment, negative affectivity, and social support in suicide attempts in a total population of Faroese adolescents. Moreover the results show the necessity of taking gender into account in research of risk and protective factors of suicide attempts, and when establishing arrangements to prevent and treat suicide attempts in adolescents.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for suicide attempts in the total population of Faroese eighth graders

Petersen

Elklit

2013

Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology

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“…In contrast, emotion-focused coping aimed at changing one's own emotional responses to the stressor is viewed as maladaptive and has been linked to poor psychological health in adolescents [20]. Furthermore, problem-focused coping has been found to be either not associated with posttraumatic symptomatology or to serve as a protective factor following different types of traumatic exposure, whereas emotion-focused coping has been found to correlate with increased posttraumatic symptomatology [21].…”

Section: Victimization and Ptsd In Ugandan Youthmentioning

confidence: 91%

Victimization and PTSD in Ugandan Youth

Mandrup

Elklit²

2014

OJEpi

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Background: Little is known about post-traumatic stress (PTSD) prevalence rates in community samples. This is especially true for the African continent where child-soldiers, HIV/AIDS affected and orphans have been the target for PTSD prevalence studies. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the indirect and direct exposure to 20 potentially traumatic events and its relation with PTSD in a Ugandan sample of senior 3 rd year students and to perform cross-cultural comparisons with previous studies examining this age group. Socio-economic status, coping styles, negative affect, and somatization are further examined. Method: A convenience sample of 408 senior secondary school students, from eight schools, across three major towns, Kampala, Mbarara, and Jinja, were selected. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) was used to establish PTSD prevalence rates, The Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ) was used to assess coping styles, and the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC) were used to measure negative affect and somatization. Results: The subjects had been exposed to a mean of 6.6 direct events and a mean of 7.2 indirect events. The estimated prevalence rate of PTSD was 37.7% and a further 28.2% reached a subclinical level, missing one symptom to have the full diagnosis. Variables related to a PTSD diagnosis were female gender, number of directly experienced events, emotional coping, negative affect, and somatization. Conclusions: Ugandan youth have been exposed to significantly more potentially traumatic events and negative life events than European youth, and subsequently PTSD prevalence rates are higher. In addition, fewer gender differences are found in the Ugandan sample compared to the European samples.

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“…The WAS has been widely used to explain the psychological reactions to traumatic events such as combat-related stress [74], torture [75], and natural disaster [76]. One recent study [77] found that police academy cadets with a greater sense of self-worth and stronger beliefs about the benevolence of the world experienced fewer symptoms of PTSD after two years of service, suggesting that an of icer's world assumptions can act as a buffer against the deleterious effects of exposure to trauma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress and Individual Differences among Correctional Psychologists

Malkina-Pykh¹

2017

J Forensic Sci Res

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine associations between secondary traumatic stress (ST), job burnout (BO) and several psychological variables such as world assumptions and locus of control in correctional psychologists. Methods:This study utilized information provided by 87 currently prac¬ticing correctional mental health providers (psychologists) in the correctional settings across Russia in St.-Petersburg, Belgorod, Vladimir, Kaluga, Ryazan, etc. The sample included 51 men, 36 women. The mean age of participants was 34.9±6.9 (ranging from 25 to 48 years). Participants reported working a mean of 6.23±3.5 years (ranging from 3 months to 15 years) in a correc¬tional setting. Subjects were assessed with Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), World Assumption Scale (WAS) and Locus of Control (LC) Scale. Three sets of statistical analysis were provided: ANOVAs between-group comparisons with STS and BO as factors and Spearman correlation analyses. Results:The results of our study reveal that burnout and secondary traumatic stress in correctional psychologists are signifi cantly positively related and thus may be exacerbated by each other. BO is signifi cantly negatively associated with WAS benevolence scale and the WAS self worth scale and STS is signifi cantly negatively associated with WAS benevolence scale and the WAS meaningfulness scale. However, LC and its components are negatively associated with BO, but not with STS. Conclusion:The main future direction of our research is to construct nonlinear model of burnout with STS, WA and LC components as predictors, identify its parameters and make its validation.

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Psychological reactions in Icelandic earthquake survivors

Cited by 121 publications

References 45 publications

Risk factors for suicide attempts in the total population of Faroese eighth graders

Risk factors for suicide attempts in the total population of Faroese eighth graders

Victimization and PTSD in Ugandan Youth

Associations of Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress and Individual Differences among Correctional Psychologists

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