Psychological, psychophysiological and behavioural effects of participant-selected vs. researcher-selected music in simulated urban driving

Interactive effects of task load and music tempo on psychological, psychophysiological, and behavioural outcomes during simulated driving

“…It appeared throughout the present findings that personality bore no influence on risk-taking behaviour, although extroverted females and males tended to be more similar than their introverted counterparts. This result is not congruent with a recent finding showing that introverts drove at a slower speed and attracted lower risk ratings under slow-tempo music when compared to extroverts (Karageorghis et al 2021b).…”

“…These time-domain indices provide useful objective information regarding the relationship between environmental manipulations and human emotion, which is why they have been used in several related studies (e.g. Ito et al 2017;Karageorghis et al 2021b).…”

“…texting) distractions influence driver responses and decision making (see e.g. Karageorghis et al 2021aKarageorghis et al , 2021bRegan, Victor, and Lee 2013). Several informational properties of music may influence behaviour by consuming attentional resources: The complexity of rhythmical features (e.g.…”

“…volume; € Unal et al 2013a), fast tempi (Miao et al 2021), and the presence of intelligible lyrics ( € Unal, Steg, and Epstude 2012). Tempo is a particularly salient feature of music given that, when > �120 bpm, this intrinsic quality can elevate activation levels, sharpen attentional focus, and even lead to faster driving speeds (Brodsky 2001;Karageorghis et al 2021b;Niu et al 2020). Moreover, fast tempi are likely to upregulate psychomotor arousal (Brodsky 2001) and increase mental effort ( € Unal, Steg, and Epstude 2012).…”

“…Conversely, aspects of music, such as fast tempi and complex rhythmic structures were found to increase mental effort ( € Unal, Steg, and Epstude 2012). Lyrics are particularly distracting, as they require the driver to engage in syntactic processing (see Chien and Chan 2015;Karageorghis et al 2021b). Brodsky and Kizner (2012) designed a sedative music programme that was employed for an in vivo study.…”