Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents

Uman, Lindsay S.; Birnie, Kathryn A.; Noel, Melanie; Parker, Jennifer A.; Chambers, Christine T.; McGrath, Patrick J.; Kisely, Steve

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005179.pub3

Cited by 177 publications

(173 citation statements)

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“…Several reviews (Uman et al, 2006), Schechter et al (2007) reported that preparation is effective in reducing children's anxiety and pain of needles; however, these studies were conducted in a medical setting. For healthy children, although ''Teddy Bear Hospital'' reduces preschooler's anxiety toward hospitalization (Bloch & Toker, 2008) and increases knowledge about their body (Leonhardt et al, 2013), it doesn't focus on needles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does a child’s fear of needles decrease through a learning event with needles?

Kajikawa

Maeno

2014

Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Needle-related procedures are a common source of pain and distress for children (Uman et al, 2006). Vaccination, which is the most common needle-related medical procedure, causes great anxiety for many children (Schechter et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does a child’s fear of needles decrease through a learning event with needles?

Kajikawa

Maeno

2014

Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing

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“…The study was conducted under the following conditions to reduce as much as possible differences in the levels of pain and stimulation caused by injections [7,11,13]: 1) Injections were administered by one physician; 2) Only inactivated vaccines were used; 3) A single dose of 0.5 ml was administered to all patients; 4) The site of injection was the extensor surface of the upper arm; and 5) Only 27G short bevel needles were used. Children's previous experiences with injection also impact their pain and anxiety.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique aims to draw children's attention away from medical procedures using moving toys or other things to alleviate their pain and distress as much as possible [12]. However, distraction studies that have set narrow parameters for certain variables, such as age, have not been significantly conducted [13]. Also, few previous studies have examined the effects of different kinds of distraction occurring simultaneously by focusing on children under five years of age receiving immunizations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Pain Associated with Immunization in Three- to Four- Year- Old Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Watanabe¹

2016

J Ped Moth Care

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Aim: Few previous studies have examined the effects of the distraction approach by focusing on children under five years of age receiving immunizations. This study was conducted to examine the effects of distraction designed to reduce 3 to 4 year-old children's pain during immunizations. Methods:Participants were 102 children aged 3 to 4 years who were given an immunization in an urban pediatric clinic in Japan. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups, which either 1) watched an animated DVD (Animation group; n = 35), 2) received interactive intervention using picture cards (Card group; n = 34) or followed a standard office routine (Control group; n = 33). Videotapes were recorded to observe children's behavior during the immunization. Pain measurements at four phases (baseline, during preparation, during injection, and following injection) were made using the Face Legs Activity Cry and Consolability (FLACC) behavioral pain scale. Parents rated their child's anxiety prior to procedure and during the procedure on a Visual Analogue Score (VAS). Results:There was a significant difference between prior to procedure and during the procedure VAS scores only in the control group (p = 0.021). In the three groups, the FLACC scores increased significantly from baseline to during preparation (Animation group: p = 0.002, Card group and Control group: p < 0.001). However, from during preparation to during injection, the FLACC score of only the Animation group increased significantly (p = 0.001). From during injection to following injection, the FLACC scores in the three groups showed a significant decrease (p < 0.001 in each of the three groups). Conclusion:Immunizations are painful procedures for children that cause considerable pain and anxiety. Watching cartoons and interactive distraction do not seem to be effective in reducing high levels of pain.

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“…We feel that, in addition, research should focus on the best way to assess and treat the pain associated with the diseases that were subject of this survey. Next to pharmacological pain relief, the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions should be studied as well (30,31). The next challenge would be to disseminate information about successful pain management to those settings that treat children suffering from these diseases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Health Professionals Rate Painfulness of Childhood Injuries and Illnesses: A Survey Study

Dijk

Timmers

Snoek

et al. 2012

Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy

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Pediatric pain management has become well established in developed countries but may lag behind in developing countries, where potentially painful diseases such as gastroenteritis and meningitis are even more common. This survey asked health care givers in the developed and developing worlds to rate pain intensity of 12 common childhood diseases and to inventory the pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment modalities in their settings. A survey was distributed online (Surveygizmo 3.0) to pediatric health caregivers who rated perceived painfulness of 12 diseases on a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale or stated that the disease was primarily discomforting in their opinion. Also they inventoried the pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions they utilize in their setting. Sixty-five respondents completed the survey, of whom almost three thirds (72.3%) came from developed countries. Median painfulness scores ranged from 5 (chickenpox) to 9 (compound tibial fracture). The respondents considered a number of diseases that are more often seen in developing countries as painful. Pediatric pain management in the developing world should be improved in view of the high incidences of potentially painful diseases and the lack of (non)pharmacological interventions.

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Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents

Cited by 177 publications

References 183 publications

Does a child’s fear of needles decrease through a learning event with needles?

Does a child’s fear of needles decrease through a learning event with needles?

Reducing Pain Associated with Immunization in Three- to Four- Year- Old Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

How Health Professionals Rate Painfulness of Childhood Injuries and Illnesses: A Survey Study

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