Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in India: An observational study

Raj, Rachna; Koyalada, Soujanya; Kumar, Amit; Kumari, Stuti; Pani, Pooja; Nishant,; Singh, Kishore Kumar

doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1217_20

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This high-risk situation related to psychological distress was reported among HCWs during the SARS outbreak too [29]. Likewise, anxiety was reported to be higher (40.8%) among nurses working in Singapore [30] and India [7] (48.54%) during the pandemic outbreak. According to another study, nurses of a designated hospital reported substantial psychological stress as well as symptoms of fear, anxiety, and compulsion [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…being forced quarantine as a result [5,6]. Studies from India [7] and Wuhan, China [8] have revealed that HCWs are often experiencing a great deal of anxiety, stress, and depression due to the current pandemic. HCWs, especially nurses, who are directly involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with COVID-19 have been forced to work under varying and punishing time schedules and often been shifted to other departments to meet the crippling staff shortages [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promoting Mental Health of Nurses During the Coronavirus Pandemic: Will the Rapid Deployment of Nurses' Training Programs During COVID-19 Improve Self-Efficacy and Reduce Anxiety?

Dharra¹,

Kumar²

2021

Cureus

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The nursing profession is extremely demanding and stressful. Nurses have been facing a tremendous amount of fear and anxiety during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. General self-efficacy is considered one of the most influential factors that can modify the impact of anxiety on nurses' mental health. In this study, we aimed to determine the predictors of self-efficacy and anxiety among nurses during the current COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey involving 368 nurses working in a tertiary care hospital. The General Self-Efficacy scale (GSE) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) were used for assessing selfefficacy and anxiety. The chi-square test followed by bivariate and multivariable regression analyses was performed to identify the determinants of self-efficacy and anxiety. ResultsThe mean age of the nurses was 28.91 years (SD=3.68), with a mean working experience in the nursing field of 5.32 years (SD=2.48). The mean self-efficacy and anxiety scores were 32.19 (SD=4.53) and 3.82 (SD=2.87), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that higher age (>30 years, p=.003), professional education acquired through a diploma course instead of a graduate degree (p<.001), and lack of training on handling COVID-19 patients (p=.003) were significant determinants of higher anxiety among nurses. Similarly, higher economic status (p=.001), sufficient COVID-19 training (p=.049), having family members tested positive for COVID-19 (p=.012), professional experience (≤5 years, p<0.001), and quarantine period (≤14 days, p=.002) were revealed to be independent determinants of a higher sense of self-efficacy among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. ConclusionReceiving adequate levels of training on COVID-19 plays a vital role in improving self-efficacy and reducing anxiety among nurses during the ongoing pandemic. Managing anxiety, increasing self-efficacy, and ensuring more exposure to COVID-19-related training may improve nurses' mental health and prepare them for fighting pandemics in a much better and more efficient manner.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Mental Health of Nurses During the Coronavirus Pandemic: Will the Rapid Deployment of Nurses' Training Programs During COVID-19 Improve Self-Efficacy and Reduce Anxiety?

Dharra¹,

Kumar²

2021

Cureus

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“… 30 , 31 The reported prevalence of burnout and psychological problems among HCW in Indian studies ranges from more than a third to a half of all studied. 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 Survey being done in the later phase of pandemic as compared to published reports, use of a more validated instrument for burnout with clearer definitions and inclusion of a larger diverse sample size are the likely explanations for the lower rates of burnout. Possibly, the burnout and anxiety were much more in the early phase of pandemic even though the COVID-19 cases were far less in India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially important given that India has experienced the second highest burden of cumulative cases in the world. The prior studies had either small sample sizes 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 or included only a uniform group of participants. 13 Hence, the generalizability of these studies is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID 19-related burnout among healthcare workers in India and ECG based predictive machine learning model: Insights from the BRUCEE- Li study

Gupta

Jha

Bansal

et al. 2021

Indian Heart Journal

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Objectives COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented increase in rates of stress and burn out among healthcare workers (HCWs). Heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to be reflective of stress and burnout. The present study evaluated the prevalence of burnout and attempted to develop a HRV based predictive machine learning (ML) model to detect burnout among HCWs during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Mini-Z 1.0 survey was collected from 1615 HCWs, of whom 664, 512 and 439 were frontline, second-line and non-COVID HCWs respectively. Burnout was defined as score ≥ 3 on Mini-Z-burnout-item. A 12-lead digitized ECG recording was performed and ECG features of HRV were obtained using feature extraction. A ML model comprising demographic and HRV features was developed to detect burnout. Results Burnout rates were higher among second-line workers 20.5% than frontline 14.9% and non-COVID 13.2% workers. In multivariable analyses, features associated with higher likelihood of burnout were feeling stressed (OR = 6.02), feeling dissatisfied with current job (OR = 5.15), working in a chaotic, hectic environment (OR = 2.09) and feeling that COVID has significantly impacted the mental wellbeing (OR = 6.02). HCWs with burnout had a significantly lower HRV parameters like root mean square of successive RR intervals differences (RMSSD) [P<0.0001] and standard deviation of the time interval between successive RR intervals (SDNN) [P<0.001]) as compared to normal subjects. Extra tree classifier was the best performing ML model (sensitivity: 84%) Conclusion In this study of HCWs from India, burnout prevalence was lower than reports from developed nations, and was higher among second-line versus frontline workers. Incorporation of HRV based ML model predicted burnout among HCWs with a good accuracy.

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“…Sixteen studies reported the prevalence of depression 13,14,15,1,1,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28 Other characteristics of the study findings are presented in Table 2. The calculated pooled prevalence by the random effect model was found to be 32.96% [95% CI, 23.74-42.90, I 2 =98.47%, (p= 0.00)] (Figure 2).…”

Section: Findings From the Quantitative Studies Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers in India: A Mixed-methods Systematic Review

Mathias¹,

Anupama²,

Phagdol³

et al. 2023

Oman Med J

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Healthcare workers (HCWs) experienced significant mental health challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of HCWs in India. We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review, which adopts a results-based convergent approach that incorporates quantitative and qualitative data. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in relevant databases: PubMed-Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ProQuest. All available full-text studies in the English language that assessed the mental health outcomes (anxiety, stress, and depression) of HCWs during the pandemic and published until 28 February 2022 were included. A total of 31 studies were included in this review (27 quantitative studies, three qualitative studies, and one mixed-method study). The pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among HCWs in India was 32.96%, 29.49%, and 33.47%, respectively. Integration of quantitative and qualitative findings using social determinants of health framework resulted in various contributing factors and coping strategies. There is a need for a supportive work environment, mental health support, and mental health policies for HCWs in India.

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Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in India: An observational study

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Promoting Mental Health of Nurses During the Coronavirus Pandemic: Will the Rapid Deployment of Nurses' Training Programs During COVID-19 Improve Self-Efficacy and Reduce Anxiety?

Promoting Mental Health of Nurses During the Coronavirus Pandemic: Will the Rapid Deployment of Nurses' Training Programs During COVID-19 Improve Self-Efficacy and Reduce Anxiety?

COVID 19-related burnout among healthcare workers in India and ECG based predictive machine learning model: Insights from the BRUCEE- Li study

Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers in India: A Mixed-methods Systematic Review

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