Psychological impact of ‘Lockdown’ due to COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: An online survey

Gupta, Anoop; Sahoo, Swapnajeet; Mehra, Aseem

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102243

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…reporting depression [22]. The ndings of both studies are relevant, as the majority of the participants were doctors, and the participants in our study are the 'future doctors'.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In this study, it indicates that the medical students experience an increase in mental burden in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. The above-mentioned national [21,22,24] and international [15,25] studies also used online surveys; previous research has demonstrated that online surveys function as well as paper-and-pencil surveys [39]. In addition; online studies are safer for all parties during a pandemic.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strategy was later changed to a partial lockdown or shutdown in affected districts or municipalities [20]. In Nepal, a few studies indicate psychological consequences of the lockdown [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Medical Students in Nepal

Risal

Shikhrakar

Mishra

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Medical students’ psychological response to societal lockdown during the covid-19 pandemic has not been studied much. Our aim was to assess levels of anxiety and depression among medical students during the initial stages of the pandemic in Nepal and relate their distress to psychosocial and other relevant situational variables.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with an online questionnaire was conducted among medical students at different colleges in Nepal. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) detected manifestations of anxiety and depression. The covariates were explored by logistic regression analyses.Results: A total 416 medical students [mean age: 22.2 (2.1); males 57.7%, females 42.3%] participated. HADS-anxiety scores [mean: 7.1(4.3)] were significantly and positively correlated with HADS-depression [mean: 5.9 (4.1)] (r=0.695; p<0.001). Point prevalence of total HADS caseness (HADS-T) was 26.7%. Specific HADS-defined caseness were: anxiety (HADS-A) 11.8%, depression (HADS-D) 5.5%, and comorbid anxiety and depression (HADS-cAD) 9.4%. All four types of caseness were significantly more prevalent among students with a history of mental problems (AOR=4.7, 3.2, 2.6, and 3.2 respectively). HADS-T was higher among those with a concurrent physical illness (AOR=2.4). HADS-T, HADS-A and HADS-D scores were higher among the age group >22 years (AOR= 2.2, 2.5 and 4.4 respectively). HADS-cAD was almost three-times higher among those with a possible COVID-19 exposure (AOR=2.8).Conclusion: A significant number of medical students in Nepal suffered from high levels of anxiety and depression during the covid-19 shut-down. The students in the higher (>22 years) age group, those with past mental disorders, a possible covid-19 exposure, and a concurrent physical illness showed elevated levels of anxiety and/or depression.

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“…reporting depression [22]. The ndings of both studies are relevant, as the majority of the participants were doctors, and the participants in our study are the 'future doctors'.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Medical Students in Nepal

Risal

Shikhrakar

Mishra

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2 To prevent the spread of coronavirus Nepal imposed travel ban from Europe, West Africa, West Asia, Gulf and Japan on March 20, 2020 and after the second case (March 24, 2020) entire country was put on lockdown. 3 Outbreaks such as COVID-19 pandemic has negative psychological impact which increases demand for mental healthcare needs. 4 Factors like lockdown, social isolation, disruptions in life routines may cause peritraumatic distress (PD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Study from Nepal shows 35.5% (N=142) of participants experienced anxiety and 7% depression due to COVID-19. 3 Present study aims to assess the PD and perceived mental healthcare needs among the residents of a gated community in Kathmandu Valley, to help plan preventable measures for PTSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peritraumatic distress and perceived mental healthcare needs among residents of a community housing during COVID-19

Samson

Shah

2020

J Patan Acad Health Sci

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Introduction: The consequences of lockdown, quarantine, and uncertainties of COVID-19 pandemic has not only caused physical sufferings but affected the mental health of the people around the globe. Peritraumatic distress is a strong predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder that may further lead to depression and suicidal risk. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess peritraumatic distress and perceived mental healthcare needs among the residents of a gated community in Kathmandu Valley. Method: This was a quantitative online cross-sectional study conducted during June 2020 among adult residents of a gated community in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. COVID-19 peritraumatic distress index and perceived mental healthcare questionnaire were used to find out peritraumatic distress and mental healthcare needs of the residents. Ethical approval was obtained. Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS. Result: A total of 45 residents returned the completed forms. Male were 62.2%, 53.3% belonged to 36 to 55 years and 46.7% had at least one comorbidity. Mild to moderate peritraumatic distress was found among 17.82%. Fisher’s exact test showed no association between age, gender, presence of comorbidity and peritraumatic distress (p > 0.05). Perceived mental healthcare needs were felt by more than 91% of the participants. Conclusion: One sixth of the participants had mild to moderate level of peritraumatic distress. Almost all the participants felt they have mental healthcare needs. Study highlights the need for counseling for distress and mental health during COVID-19 pandemic.

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Cross‐cultural adaptation of Nepalese literacy and stigma of suicide scales (LOSS‐SF‐Nep and SOSS‐SF‐Nep) among Nepalese medical and nursing students

Gupta,

Sharma,

Sah

et al. 2023

Brain and Behavior

Self Cite

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Introduction: Nepal is a country in South‐east Asia with high suicide. There is ongoing trend of emerging research on suicide from Nepal but there is lack of validated scale in measuring literacy or stigma. In the view of poor media reporting and large treatment gap, this study was conducted. All previous validation studies were done in non‐Hindu populations.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was planned where the short forms of Nepalese literacy of suicide scale (LOSS‐SF‐Nep) and Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS‐SF‐Nep) were validated using standard procedure at a medical college in southern Nepal. Medical and nursing students of all batches were approached offline after successful pretesting. The psychometric properties of the scales were tested, and the statuses of literacy and stigma were assessed. Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 and General Anxiety Disorder Scale‐7 were used for revealing depression and generalized anxiety.Results: Three hundred and nineteen Nepalese students participated and most of them were males, belonged to nuclear family, upper‐middle socioeconomic status and represented 46 out of 77 districts of Nepal. The mean score of LOSS‐SF‐Nep was 6.36 ± 1.92 and literacy ranged from 37.9% to 89.7%. The deeper exposure to suicidal patients was associated with better literacy. Factor analysis of SOSS‐SF‐Nep revealed three subscales: stigmatization, isolation/depression, and normalization/glorification and had acceptable psychometric properties. Gender, occupation of head of the family, region and years of education, using mental health services, and depression were associated with variable literacy or stigma.Conclusion: Literacy and stigma scales were validated in Nepali, and SOSS factor structures were revealed with modified descriptors. The literacy and stigma levels in medical students were calculated for the first time in Nepal and Hindu majority population.

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Psychological impact of ‘Lockdown’ due to COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: An online survey

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Medical Students in Nepal

Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Medical Students in Nepal

Peritraumatic distress and perceived mental healthcare needs among residents of a community housing during COVID-19

Cross‐cultural adaptation of Nepalese literacy and stigma of suicide scales (LOSS‐SF‐Nep and SOSS‐SF‐Nep) among Nepalese medical and nursing students

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