Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China

Abstract

To understand Wuhan residents’ psychological reactions to the COVID-19 epidemic and offer a reference point for interventions, an online questionnaire survey was conducted. It included the Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Scale (PHQ-9), Athens Insomnia Scale, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Categorical data were reported as numbers and percentages. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between demographic factors and anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, and passive coping style. A total of 1242 Wuhan residents investigated, 27.5% had anxiety, 29.3% had depression, 30.0% had a sleep disorder, and 29.8% had a passive response to COVID-19. Being female was the risk factor for anxiety (OR = 1.62) and sleep disorder (OR = 1.36); being married was associated with anxiety (OR = 1.75); having a monthly income between 1000 and 5000 CNY (OR = 1.44, OR = 1.83, OR = 2.61) or >5000 CNY (OR = 1.47, OR = 1.45, OR = 2.14) was a risk factor for anxiety, depression, and sleep disorder; not exercising (OR = 1.45, OR = 1.71, OR = 1. 85, OR = 1.71) was a common risk factor for anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, and passive coping style; and having a higher education level (bachelor’s degree and above) (OR = 1.40) was associated with having a sleep disorder. Wuhan residents’ psychological status and sleep quality were relatively poorer than they were before the COVID-19 epidemic; however, the rate of passive coping to stress was relatively higher.

Knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and preventive behaviours towards COVID-19 among health care providers in Yemen: an online cross-sectional survey

“…These results support the ndings reported by Al-Hanawi et al [22] that respondents' level of worry or concern attributed to COVID-19 differs signi cantly across gender and educational level. This result is also in line with previous studies [23,24] carried out in China, indicating that females have higher levels of anxiety compared to males. Similarly, the respondents' level of self-reported preventive behaviour signi cantly differed according to their gender, occupation, years of working experience, and educational level.…”

Knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and preventive behaviors towards COVID-19 among health care providers in Yemen: an online cross-sectional survey

“…These results support results reported by Al-Hanawi et al [22] that respondents' level of worry due to COVID-19 differs signi cantly across gender and educational level. The result also in line with a previous studies [23,24] in China, which indicated that females have high levels of anxiety compared to males. Similarly, the respondents' level of self-reported preventive behaviour signi cantly differed according to their sex, occupation, years of working experience and educational level.…”

Self-reported changes in anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece

“…Two other studies again from China reported that 27.5% and 31.6% had anxiety, 29.3% and 27.9% had depression, 30.0% had a sleep disorder or 29.% insomnia, 24,4% acute stress and 29.8% had a passive response to COVID-19. Female gender and being married have been identified as a risk factor for anxiety ( Fu et al, 2020 ; Shi et al, 2020 ). A study from Turkey reported 23.6% depression and 45.1% anxiety ( Ozdin and Bayrak Ozdin, 2020 ).…”