Psychological health problems among Syrians during war and the COVID-19 pandemic: national survey

Mohsen, Fatema; Bakkar, Batoul; Melhem, Sara; Aldakkak, Samar; Mchantaf, Dana; Marrawi, Marah; Latifeh, Youssef

doi:10.1192/bji.2021.16

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Elhadi et al, 2020, found that in response to the civil war in Libya, female medical students had higher scores of GAD-7 than their male colleagues [ 53 ]. Likewise, during the Syrian civil war, female adults were 1.5 times more likely to suffer from anxiety disorders than males assessed by GAD-7 [ 54 ]. Additionally, female Libyan adults had a significantly higher GAD-7 score than their male counterparts following the COVID-19 lockdown [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Burden of the Russian–Ukrainian War 2022 (RUW-22): Anxiety and Depression Levels among Young Adults in Central Europe

Riad

Drobov

Krobot

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Armed conflicts are public health emergencies that affect human lives at multiple levels. The mental health of adolescents and young adults is at high risk during crisis settings; therefore, this cross-sectional survey-based study aimed to evaluate anxiety and depressive symptoms among university students in the Czech Republic following the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2022 (RUW-22). The study used standardized screening instruments; the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) for anxiety and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression. Of 591 students who participated in this study, 67.7% were females, 68.2% held Czech citizenship, and 63.8% were enrolled in medical or healthcare programs. The participants were highly concerned about the RUW-22 news, with a mean score of 7.17 ± 2.50 (0–10). While 34% and 40.7% of the participants in this study manifested moderate to severe levels of anxiety and depression, respectively, the mental health burden of the RUW-22 was confirmed by the positive correlation between “feeling concerned”, GAD-7 (ρ = 0.454), and PHQ-9 (ρ = 0.326). Female gender, higher frequency of news following, and social media use were associated with higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms; thus, proposing them to be risk factors for psychological disorders following the RUW-22.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Burden of the Russian–Ukrainian War 2022 (RUW-22): Anxiety and Depression Levels among Young Adults in Central Europe

Riad

Drobov

Krobot

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…This problem was worrying as it did lead to a build-up of vulnerable individuals. The COVID-19 measure has contributed to the worsening of some mental illnesses or even the emergence of new ones in Syrian refugees and parents [ 5 – 7 ]. Some of these could be related to financial difficulties, as most workers in the camps stopped working.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this in mind, we implemented an intervention study to support parents and caregivers in Zaatari camp during the COVID-19 pandemic using a leaflet on caregiving under COVID-19 developed by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) [ 13 ]. This leaflet was delivered using a smartphone application (app) called the Children Immunization App (CIMA) [ 5 ]. The CIMA is a vaccination reminder app that has already been implemented in Zaatari camp since 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling the Children Immunization App (CIMA) to Support Child Refugees and Parents in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Social Capital Approach to Scale a Smartphone Application in Zaatari Camp, Jordan

Khader

Maalouf

Khdair

et al. 2022

J Epidemiol Glob Health

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Background Children vaccination is a key intervention for their survival, especially among refugees. Yet, children vaccination registration is done manually in refugees camps and there is no possibility to send reminders to parents to come back on time. We aimed to boost the parental registration of children’s vaccination records on a Children Immunization app (CIMA) while also availing the parents with useful parenting skills under COVID-19-related stress. Methods We incorporated United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Parenting Skills under COVID-19 information material, through CIMA in Arabic and English languages. We recruited 1100 children in February–March 2021, through a community health promotion dissemination approach. A team of two nurses from the local population and two volunteers (one trained nurse and one trained social worker), from the camp, was formed. They promoted the CIMA app at two clinics and through households visits in Zaatari refugee camp. Qualitative data on impressions and observations of the interactions with the Zaatari camp community were also collected. Results A total of 1100 children, up to 15 months of age, eligible for vaccination were enrolled in CIMA, whereby the staff explained the content of the app in terms of vaccination schedule, health promotion materials for vaccination and parenting skills to their caregivers. During the household visits, the volunteers identified a total of 70 children that have incomplete history of vaccination records (n = 42/70 girls, 60%). Also, opportunities and challenges for scaling the app were documented. Conclusion The scaling of CIMA as an innovative means of dissemination of risk and health information in challenging context such as refugee camps was feasible. In the context of vaccination needs for children, in refugee settings, such a need is more eminent, particularly in the context of COVID-19.

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“…This percentage corresponds to a previous study conducted in Syria during the war and the COVID-19 pandemic, which reported the prevalence of depressive symptoms to be 83.4%. [15] Given that a strong correlation between the presence of depressive symptoms and a diagnosis of FM has been demonstrated in previous literature, this high percentage of depressive symptoms is of concern as there is growing evidence of a possible link between the two. [16,17] One study showed that 83.3% of FM subjects had clinically signi cant depressive symptoms, while another demonstrated prevalence rates of up to 40%.…”

Section: Relationship Between Bdi and Patients With Bromyalgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms Among Fibromyalgia Patients

Allahham

Bakkar

Kikhia

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Fibromyalgia is a noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain disorder which predominantly affects women and is often associated with depression. Purpose The main aim of this study was to reveal the depressive symptoms in participants who suffered from fibromyalgia. Methods A web-based cross-sectional survey was performed. Five hundred twenty-five women and men with a mean age of 27.12 ± 7.87 years old were recruited. The patients were divided into the case (patients with fibromyalgia) and control (healthy patients). The BDI scores and depression ranges were collected. Results 8% of participants were found to meet the modified ACR 2010 criteria for FM diagnosis, of whom 85.7% were females. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among participants with fibromyalgia was 90.5% Conclusion Patients with FMS had higher BDI scores than healthy controls.

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Psychological health problems among Syrians during war and the COVID-19 pandemic: national survey

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Mental Health Burden of the Russian–Ukrainian War 2022 (RUW-22): Anxiety and Depression Levels among Young Adults in Central Europe

Mental Health Burden of the Russian–Ukrainian War 2022 (RUW-22): Anxiety and Depression Levels among Young Adults in Central Europe

Scaling the Children Immunization App (CIMA) to Support Child Refugees and Parents in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Social Capital Approach to Scale a Smartphone Application in Zaatari Camp, Jordan

The Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms Among Fibromyalgia Patients

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