Psychological health in siblings who lost a brother or sister to cancer 2 to 9 years earlier

Eilegård, Alexandra; Steineck, Gunnar; Nyberg, Tommy; Kreicbergs, Ulrika

doi:10.1002/pon.3053

Cited by 62 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Earlier research on children with muscular dystrophy or SMA showed that the support for siblings is poor 6 ; the same can be said about cancerbereaved siblings. 18,19 For cancer-bereaved siblings, poor communication about prognosis, feelings of death and dying, and bodily changes in the end of life were found to be longterm distressing factors. 19 In contrast with cancer, those with SMA require care the whole life, and the family may become centered around the ill child.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Parents' Experiences and Wishes at End of Life in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Types I and II

Lövgren

Sejersen

Kreicbergs

2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Parents' Experiences and Wishes at End of Life in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Types I and II

Lövgren

Sejersen

Kreicbergs

2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…Longer-term, one large Swedish cohort study of bereaved siblings up to 9 years after death from cancer identified increased risk of low self-esteem, low maturity, and sleep difficulties compared to population norms[13], and only 11% reported having completely worked through their grief[14]. Siblings’ long-term outcomes may be related to their experiences during and immediately after brother or sister's cancer treatment; many are dissatisfied with the information their receive from parents or health-care professionals[15,16], and their lack of involvement may translate to impaired bereavement, negative emotional reactions, and school difficulties[8,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Psychosocial Outcomes Among Bereaved Siblings of Children With Cancer

Rosenberg

Postier

Osenga

et al. 2015

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management

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102

107

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Context The death of a child from cancer affects the entire family. Little is known about the long-term psychosocial outcomes of bereaved siblings. Objectives To describe: (1) the prevalence of risky health-behaviors, psychological distress, and social support among bereaved siblings; (2) potentially modifiable factors associated with poor outcomes. Methods Bereaved siblings were eligible for this dual-center, cross-sectional, survey-based study if they were ≥16 years-old and their parents had enrolled in one of three prior studies about caring for children with cancer at end of life. Linear regression models identified associations between personal perspectives before, during, and after the family's cancer experience and outcomes (health-behaviors, psychological distress, and social support). Results Fifty-eight siblings completed surveys (62% response rate). They were approximately 12 years bereaved, with a mean age of 26 years at the time of the survey (SD=7.8). Anxiety, depression, and illicit substance use increased during the year following their brother/sister's death, but then returned to baseline. Siblings who reported dissatisfaction with communication, poor preparation for death, missed opportunities to say “goodbye,” and/or a perceived negative impact of the cancer experience on relationships tended to have higher distress and lower social support scores (p<0.001-0.031). Almost all siblings reported their loss still affected them; half stated the experience impacted current educational and career goals. Conclusion How siblings experience the death of a child with cancer may impact their long-term psychosocial well-being. Sibling-directed communication and concurrent supportive care during the cancer experience and the year following sibling death may mitigate poor long-term outcomes.

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“…22 Daha uzun süreli, büyük bir çalışmada; 9 yaşından bü-yük olan yas sürecindeki kardeşlerin, normal akranlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında; benlik saygılarının daha düşük olduğu, olgunlaşma ve uyku bozuklukları gibi sorunların görülme riskinin daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. 23 Ülkemizde yapılan bir çalışmada son bir yıl içinde birinci derecede yakınını (anne, baba, kardeş, dayı, teyze, dede, nine vs.) kaybetmiş ergenlerin yasa karşı tutumları cinsiyet ve depresyon düzeyleri karşılaştırılmış-tır. Ergenlik döneminde, kızların ve birinci derecede yakınını kaybedenlerin daha yoğun yas yaşadıkları bulunmuştur.…”

Section: 20unclassified

Kayıp ve Yas Sürecinde Kardeşler

Yıldız¹,

Balcı²

2016

HSP

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ÖZET Çocuklar için ölüm, kavranması ve kabullenilmesi zor bir durumdur. Bu nedenle çocukların ölüme verdikleri yas tepkisi, yaş gruplarına ve içinde bulundukları kültüre göre farklı şekillerde yaşanabilir. Kardeşin ölümü ise yaşayan kardeş üzerinde derin bir etki bırakabilir ve çocuğun yaşamını geri dönüşsüz bir şekilde değiştirebilir. Kardeşin ölümü nedeniyle yaşanan yas tepkileri sıklıkla uzun bir zaman sürecinde yaşanan büyük üzüntüyü ve depresyonu içerebilir. Bu deneyimi yaşayan çocuklar, özellikle hastalığın oluştuğu ve ölümün beklendiği süreçte ebeveynlerin de kendi yas süreçlerine odaklanmalarından dolayı, aileden sınırlı destek alabilir, daha az iletişim kurabilirler ya da ihmale uğrayabilir ve görünmez olduklarını hissedebilirler. Bu durum onların korku, öfke, anksiyete ya da depresyon yaşamalarına neden olabilir. Hemşireler, hastalık sürecinin her aşamasında aile, hasta çocuk ve kardeşle iletişim halinde olmaları nedeniyle kardeşlerinin ölümünü yaşayan çocukları desteklemede, sağlık personelleri arasında önemli bir role sahiptir. Hemşire, yas sürecindeki ebeveynlere ve kardeşlere vereceği eğitim ve uygun yaklaşımla yas sürecini uyumlu bir şekilde yaşayabilmelerine destek olabilir ve uyumsuz yas süreci yaşayan ebeveynleri ve çocukları erken dönemde fark edip, girişimlerini buna göre planlamalıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yas süreci, kardeş, hemşire ABSTRACT Death is a hard situation to understand and accept for children. Therefore the grieving reaction of children in death situation may be different regarding to age group or cultural back ground of children. Death of a sibling may make a profound impact to the living sibling and may make irreversible changes in the living sibling's life. Grieving reactions which are caused by the death of siblings can commonly cause major sorrow and depression. Children who experienced this situation can get less support from their parents because of parents' own grief or they can communicate less and may feel neglected and invisible. This situation may cause them to feel frightened, angry, anxious and depressed. Nurses have an important role among the other health care professionals to support the children who experienced sibling's death because nurses are always in touch with parents, sick children and their siblings at every stages of disease process. Nurse can support parents and siblings to live their grief process in a harmonius way by appropriate approach and education or nurses may notice earlier parents and siblings who are living the grief process inappropriately and should plan the nursing interventions according to them. Keywords: Process of grieving, sibling, nurse. GirişKayıp, birey için önemli ve değerli nesnelerin (kişi, organ, işlev, obje, hayvan vb.) yitirilmesi ya da ölüm sonucu kişinin hayatından uzaklaşması anlamına gelmektedir. Ölüm, evrensel bir olgudur ve aslında doğmak kadar yaşamın bir parçası ve doğal bir süreçtir. Ancak kayıp yaşayan kişiye acı ve keder duyguları yaşatır ve birey yas süre-cine girer.

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Psychological health in siblings who lost a brother or sister to cancer 2 to 9 years earlier

Abstract: Bereaved siblings are at increased risk of low self-esteem, low level of personal maturity and difficulties falling asleep as compared with non-bereaved peers. Yet, the bereaved were not more likely to report anxiety or depression.

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Parents' Experiences and Wishes at End of Life in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Types I and II

Parents' Experiences and Wishes at End of Life in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Types I and II

Long-Term Psychosocial Outcomes Among Bereaved Siblings of Children With Cancer

Kayıp ve Yas Sürecinde Kardeşler

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