Psychological factors, rehabilitation adherence, and rehabilitation outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Brewer, Britton W.; Raalte, Judy L. Van; Cornelius, Allen E.; Petitpas, Albert J.; Sklar, Joseph H.; Pohlman, Mark H.; Krushell, Robert J.; Ditmar, Terry D.

doi:10.1037/0090-5550.45.1.20

Cited by 151 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…13,[30][31][32][33] These factors are thought to influence the outcome of rehabilitation after injury. 30,34,35 Although psychological readiness to return to sport has been identified as a possible hindrance in returning to sport after injury, 4,14,15 few qualitative researchers have assessed the underlying psychological factors that may affect those considering a return to sport after ACLR. We aimed to explore the psychosocial factors that are often not considered possible hindrances or barriers to returning to sport.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision to Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Part I: A Qualitative Investigation of Psychosocial Factors

Burland

Toonstra

Werner

et al. 2018

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Return-to-sport criteria after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury are often based on “satisfactory” functional and patient-reported outcomes. However, an individual's decision to return to sport is likely multifactorial; psychological and physical readiness to return may not be synonymous. Objective: To determine the psychosocial factors that influence the decision to return to sport in athletes 1 year post–ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Design: Qualitative study. Setting: Academic medical center. Patients or Other Participants: Twelve participants (6 males, 6 females) were purposefully chosen from a large cohort. Participants were a minimum of 1-year postsurgery and had been active in competitive athletics preinjury. Data Collection and Analysis: Data were collected via semistructured interviews. Qualitative analysis using a descriptive phenomenologic process, horizontalization, was used to derive categories and themes that represented the data. The dynamic-biopsychosocial model was used as a theoretical framework to guide this study. Results: Six predominant themes emerged that described the participants' experiences after ACLR: (1) hesitation and lack of confidence led to self-limiting tendencies, (2) awareness was heightened after ACLR, (3) expectations and assumptions about the recovery process influenced the decision to return to sport after ACLR, (4) coming to terms with ACL injury led to a reprioritization, (5) athletic participation helped reinforce intrinsic personal characteristics, and (6) having a strong support system both in and out of rehabilitation was a key factor in building a patient's confidence. We placed themes into components of the dynamic-biopsychosocial model to better understand how they influenced the return to sport. Conclusions: After ACLR, the decision to return to sport was largely influenced by psychosocial factors. Factors including hesitancy, lack of confidence, and fear of reinjury are directly related to knee function and have the potential to be addressed in the rehabilitation setting. Other factors, such as changes in priorities or expectations, may be independent of physical function but remain relevant to the patient-clinician relationship and should be considered during postoperative rehabilitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision to Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Part I: A Qualitative Investigation of Psychosocial Factors

Burland

Toonstra

Werner

et al. 2018

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…As a stress-process based model that embraces the concept of change, athletes' physical and psychological recovery is viewed as a dynamic, interactive process in which cognitions, emotions, and behaviours are explained within a cyclical cognitive framework (Wiese-Bjornstal et al, 1998). Although the model has yet to be examined in its entirety, researchers have focused on a number of the central variables proposed within the model, including: appraisal (e.g., Albinson & Petrie, 2003;Daly, Brewer, Van Raalte, Petitpas, & Sklar, 1995); social support (e.g., Bianco, 2001;Bianco & Eklund, 2001;Ford & Gordon, 1999;Johnston & Carroll, 1998b;Rees, Smith, & Sparkes, 2003); self-confidence (e.g., Magyer & Duda, 2000); psychological skills (e.g., Hare, Evans, & Callow, 2008;Vergeer, 2006;Waters, 2007;Newsom, Knight, & Balnave, 2003); adherence (e.g., Duda, Smart, & Tappe, 1989;Pizzari, McBurney, Taylor, & Feller, 2002); rehabilitation outcome (e.g., Brewer, Van Raalte, Cornelius, Petitpas, Sklar, Pohlman et al, 2000);…”

Section: Sport Competition Anxiety Test [Scat]mentioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of hardiness throughout the sport injury process

Wadey

Evans

Hanton

et al. 2011

British J Health Psychol

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Objectives. This primary objective of the study was to examine the direct and moderating effects of hardiness on the prediction of sport injury, and the direct and indirect effects of hardiness on athletes’ responses to injury.Design. This study employed a longitudinal methodological design. Specifically, the injury status of 694 asymptomatic participants was monitored for 2 years. From the original sample, 104 athletes subsequently became injured and then completed a number of questionnaires throughout their recovery.Methods. Logistic regression, Pearson product‐moment correlation and Preacher and Hayes's (2008) bootstrapping procedure were used to analyse the data.Results. Findings revealed a direct and moderating effect of hardiness on the prediction of injury. Hardiness was also found to positively correlate with desirable, and negatively correlate with undesirable post‐injury psychological responses and coping strategies throughout recovery. Finally, problem‐focused coping was found to mediate certain effects of hardiness on injured athletes’ psychological responses.Conclusions. These findings have important implications for practitioners who have a vested interest in the health and well‐being of those who participate in sport and exercise in terms of minimizing rates of injury occurrence and/or facilitating recovery from injury.

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“…Personal factors are stable, dispositional characteristics and those associated with adherence are self-motivation (24,14,18), pain tolerance (19,18), and task difficulty (16).…”

Section: Models Of Cognitive Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation from sports injuries: from theory to practice

Christakou

Lavallee

2009

Perspect Public Health

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A great number of injuries occur in the context of recreational physical activities and competitive athletics. Adherence to sport injury rehabilitation means injured athlete's compliance (or not) to a sports medicine/injury personnel's instructions of participating in a rehabilitation programme in a clinic, and/or doing rehabilitation exercises on home. It has emerged as an area of interest among physiotherapists and other allied professionals (i.e., sport trainers, physicians). This article reviews compliance among injured athletes in the recovery process by presenting the protection motivation theory, personal investment theory, and models of cognitive appraisal. Also, it reviews key research findings about these three theoretical models. In addition, practical guidelines and specific strategies are offered to sport injury rehabilitation personnel to enhance an athlete's adherence to injury rehabilitation. Sports medicine/injury personnel should educate athletes about their injuries and rehabilitation and increase effective communication and active listening. Also, sports medicine/injury personnel should provide social support and encourage positive beliefs of injured athletes. In addition, coping with pain and setting short term goals help athletes to increase their compliance to programmes of rehabilitation.

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Psychological factors, rehabilitation adherence, and rehabilitation outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Cited by 151 publications

References 55 publications

Decision to Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Part I: A Qualitative Investigation of Psychosocial Factors

Decision to Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Part I: A Qualitative Investigation of Psychosocial Factors

An examination of hardiness throughout the sport injury process

Rehabilitation from sports injuries: from theory to practice

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