Psychological effects of the COVID-2019 pandemic: Perceived stress and coping strategies among healthcare professionals

Babore, Alessandra; Lombardi, Lucia; Viceconti, Maria Luisa; Pignataro, Silvia; Marino, Valentina; Crudele, Monia; Candelori, Carla; Bramanti, Sonia Monique; Trumello, Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113366

Cited by 340 publications

(467 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The total scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores showing higher levels of perceived stress. In this study, the Cronbach's α was very good (α = 0.883), similar to that in previous studies that used this same tool [35,36].…”

Section: Perceived Stress Scalesupporting

confidence: 88%

Psychological Adjustment of Healthcare Workers in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences in Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Compassion Satisfaction between Frontline and Non-Frontline Professionals

Trumello

Bramanti

Ballarotto

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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251

211

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Emergency situations have been associated with negative psychological adjustment outcomes in healthcare professionals, although studies on the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic amongst Italian health workers are limited. The main aim of this study was to investigate the psychological adjustment of healthcare professionals during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, evaluating differences according to working or not with patients affected by COVID-19 and in areas with a more severe spread of this pandemic. Healthcare professionals’ attitudes toward psychological support were analyzed. The levels of anxiety, depression, psychological stress, and professional quality of life (compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue) and attitudes toward psychological support were measured among 627 Italian healthcare workers (mean age = 40.55 years; SD = 11.49; range: 27–72). Significantly higher levels of stress, burnout, secondary trauma, anxiety, and depression were observed among professionals working with COVID-19 patients. Higher levels of stress and burnout and lower levels of compassion satisfaction were detected in professionals working in areas with higher rates of contagion. No interaction effects were found between working (or not) with patients affected by COVID-19 and working (or not) in areas with a more severe diffusion of this pandemic. Finally, in the group of professionals who worked with COVID-19 patients, the percentage of professionals who thought to ask for psychological support was twice that of the group that did not work with COVID-19 patients. The overall findings indicate that the mental health of frontline healthcare workers requires further consideration and that targeted prevention and intervention programs are necessary.

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Section: Perceived Stress Scalesupporting

confidence: 88%

Psychological Adjustment of Healthcare Workers in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences in Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Compassion Satisfaction between Frontline and Non-Frontline Professionals

Trumello

Bramanti

Ballarotto

et al. 2020

IJERPH

Self Cite

251

211

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“…These results are consistent with other past and current studies on infection disease outbreak indicating that problem solving is an active coping strategy with a psychological impact on stress reduction [13,33,34,35]. Some research during the current coronavirus pandemic among Italian general population has shown that seeking social support was positively related to perceived stress [33], and that higher social support predicted higher levels of stress [34]. In this study, a negative correlation was found between seeking social support and stress levels, but not at the level of statistical signi cance.…”

Section: Discusionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Perceived Stress Among University Students in South-East Serbia During the COVID-19 Outbreak

Kostić

Žikić

Đorđević

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has brought into focus the mental health the student population. The study aimed to analyze the psychological response to the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of perceived stress and its related factors among university students in the southeastern Serbia. The study was conducted during the increasing rate of the coronavirus disease in Serbia. Method A total of 434 students from the public university in South-East Serbia enrolled in the study and completed the measures of socio-demographical data, the Perceived stress scale (PSS-10), the Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. Results Study findings suggest that the mean perceived stress score was placed to 20.43 (±7.67), suggesting that the students showed high stress level during the COVID-19 outbreak. Our model showed that female gander, higher scores on anxiety/insomnia and depression subscales as well as the coping strategy avoidance predicted higher level of perceived stress, while higher scores on social dysfunction were related to the reduced perceived stress scores. Conclusion Besides limitation of the study, findings provided authentic data of stress reactions of students in South-East Serbia during the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings confirm the need to examine the experience of students in states of emergencies and crisis as well as introduce a plan for support programs aimed at preventing a decline in education efficacy in the long run, together with preventing the occurrence of mental disorders.

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“…In this regard, for PLOS ONE example, these results may offer guidelines for the support of healthcare professionals, who report significant levels of subjective distress [63], but also on people who ask for a psychological treatment because of the pandemic, such as individuals, families and workers [68]. Moreover, these findings provide a further piece in a growing theoretical panorama which supports the importance of life satisfaction, mature defense mechanisms and coping strategies [24,34,41,57], by demonstrating its role in promoting effective strategies functional in the maintenance of emotional well-being.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

The protective role of life satisfaction, coping strategies and defense mechanisms on perceived stress due to COVID-19 emergency: A chained mediation model

2020

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The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a worldwide emergency, which may have harmful consequences on people’s mental health. Parallel to research focused on risk factors, it could be useful to investigate the factors that help to cope with such crises at an emotional level. Therefore, this study aimed to strengthen the role of variables that protect from subjective distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, explore the pathways between satisfaction with life and perceived stress, and consider the role of coping strategies and defense mechanisms in this relationship. A sample of 1102 Italian participants who were experiencing the COVID-19 lockdown measures (Mage = 34.91, SD = 11.91) completed an online survey in which the Ten Item Perceived Stress Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory and Forty-Item Defense Style Questionnaire were included. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s r correlations and moderation analysis. A chained-mediation model showed that the relationship between life satisfaction and perceived stress is partially mediated by approach coping, positive attitude and mature defenses. This study contributes toward gaining a better understanding of a protective pathway for mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings could be useful from both a preventive and an intervention perspective.

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Psychological effects of the COVID-2019 pandemic: Perceived stress and coping strategies among healthcare professionals

Cited by 340 publications

References 41 publications

Psychological Adjustment of Healthcare Workers in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences in Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Compassion Satisfaction between Frontline and Non-Frontline Professionals

Psychological Adjustment of Healthcare Workers in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences in Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Compassion Satisfaction between Frontline and Non-Frontline Professionals

Perceived Stress Among University Students in South-East Serbia During the COVID-19 Outbreak

The protective role of life satisfaction, coping strategies and defense mechanisms on perceived stress due to COVID-19 emergency: A chained mediation model

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