“…A growing body of research with bereaved children provides insight regarding the types of reactions considered "typical" for children within the first two years of the death. Common reactions include elevated symptoms of dysphoria and depression (Brent et al, 1994;Cerel, Fristad, Verducci, Weller, & Weller, 2006;Melhem, Walker, Moritz, & Brent, 2008;Weller, Weller, Fristad, & Bowes, 1991;Worden & Silverman, 1996), generalized anxiety (Kranzler, Shaffer, Wasserman, & Davies, 1990;Saucier & Ambert, 1986), separation anxiety (Kaplow et al, 2010;Lin, Sandler, Ayers, Wolchik, & Luecken, 2004;Sanchez, Fristad, Weller, Weller, & Moye, 1994), and posttraumatic stress (Brent et al, 1994;Goenjian et al, 2009;Melhem et al, 2008;Stoppelbein & Greening, 2007), as well as behavioral problems (Dowdney et al, 1999;Kaplow et al, 2010), substance use (Kaplow et al, 2010), and other more general problems, including social withdrawal, irritability, somatic complaints, and increased risk for physical illness (Luecken, 2008;Van Eerdewegh, Clayton, & Van Eerdewegh, 1985;Worden & Silverman, 1996). Although most studies cover a wide age range-often from mid-childhood through adolescence-several small-scale age-restricted studies, including preschool children after parental loss due to illness (Kranzler et al, 1990) and adolescents after peer suicide (Brent & Mann, 2005;Melhem, 2004), suggest a possible developmentally linked shift in symptom presentation from predominantly anxiety symptoms in younger children to predominantly depressive symptoms in adolescents.…”