Psychological distress in family members living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome

The Fatigue Experience for Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

“…The home environments of women with HIV have not been adequately described in the literature. Family structure may become unstable when women experience symptoms related to HIV (Semple et al, 1993), and family members experience a high level of symptom distress (McShane, Bumbalo, & Patsdaughter, 1994).…”

Despair and hopelessness in the context of HIV – a meta‐synthesis on qualitative research findings

“…1998); in HIV‐affected families and partners (Lippmann et al. 1993, McShane et al. 1994, Rosengard & Folkman 1997) especially when the near one is dying (Irving et al.…”

“…Despair and hopelessness (Cowles & Rodgers 1991, Lippmann et al 1993) have also been documented in the significant others and informal caregivers of PLWH: in discovering that a family member is HIV-positive (Stewart 1994, Castro et al 1998; in HIV-affected families and partners (Lippmann et al 1993, McShane et al 1994, Rosengard & Folkman 1997 especially when the near one is dying (Irving et al 1995); and during the grieving process (Sowell et al 1991). Alternation between hopelessness and hope has been detected in significant others to PLWH (Cowles & Rodgers 1991 as well as both hope and despair in partners and family members of PLWH (Maj 1991, Stewart 1994, Reynolds & Alonzo 1998).…”

Levels and correlates of psychological distress in male couples of mixed HIV status

“…Several studies have found that, in couples in which one member has a chronic illness, the distress level of the ill person is highly correlated with that of his/her partner (Northouse et al ., 1995;Pakenham et al ., 1995). In a study of persons with AIDS and their family members (including partners), levels of distress in both the person with AIDS and his/her family members were significantly higher than among normative comparison groups (McShane et al ., 1994).…”